721
UXUS97 KGJT 191306
SRGGJT
SOARING FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND JUNCTION, COLORADO
706 AM MDT SUNDAY, APRIL 19, 2026
THIS FORECAST IS FOR SUNDAY, APRIL 19, 2026:
IF THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE OF 66.5 F/19.1 C IS REACHED...THEN
THERMAL SOARING INDEX....................... EXCELLENT
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT........................ 856 FT/MIN (4.3 M/S)
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS.................. 14968 FT MSL (9361 FT AGL)
FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE................... 71.0 F/22.1 C
TIME OF TRIGGER TEMPERATURE.................... 1345 MDT
TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT........................ NONE
MIDDLE/HIGH CLOUDS DURING SOARING WINDOW....... NONE
SURFACE WINDS DURING SOARING WINDOW............ 20 MPH OR LESS
HEIGHT OF THE -3 THERMAL INDEX................. 9025 FT MSL (3418 FT AGL)
THERMAL SOARING OUTLOOK FOR MONDAY 04/20....... EXCELLENT
WAVE SOARING INDEX............................. NOT AVAILABLE
REMARKS...
SUNRISE/SUNSET.................... 06:31:04 / 19:55:19 MDT
TOTAL POSSIBLE SUNSHINE........... 13 HR 24 MIN 15 SEC (804 MIN 15 SEC)
ALTITUDE OF SUN AT 13:13:11 MDT... 62.11 DEGREES
UPPER AIR DATA FROM RAWINSONDE OBSERVATION TAKEN ON 04/19/2026 AT 0600 MDT
FREEZING LEVEL.................. 12450 FT MSL (6843 FT AGL)
CONVECTIVE CONDENSATION LEVEL... 21272 FT MSL (15665 FT AGL)
LIFTED CONDENSATION LEVEL....... 19318 FT MSL (13711 FT AGL)
LIFTED INDEX.................... +3.9
K INDEX......................... +3.3
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WIND WIND SPD LAPSE RATE CONVECTIONT THERMAL LIFT RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT DEG C DEG F INDEX FPM M/S
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -61.2 -78.2 260 47 24 4.3 2.3 M M M M M
45000 -55.6 -68.1 250 57 29 -2.8 -1.5 M M M M M
40000 -59.2 -74.6 250 34 17 -2.4 -1.3 M M M M M
38000 -57.7 -71.9 245 26 14 4.4 2.4 M M M M M
36000 -55.0 -67.0 230 22 11 4.4 2.4 M M M M M
34000 -51.1 -60.0 225 19 10 9.1 5.0 M M M M M
32000 -45.7 -50.3 235 16 8 9.1 5.0 M M M M M
30000 -40.5 -40.9 235 16 8 7.7 4.2 34.3 93.7 9.5 M M
29000 -38.2 -36.8 230 17 9 7.7 4.2 33.5 92.2 9.0 M M
28000 -35.9 -32.6 225 18 9 7.7 4.2 32.8 91.0 8.6 M M
27000 -33.6 -28.5 225 19 10 7.5 4.1 32.0 89.6 8.1 M M
26000 -31.3 -24.3 225 19 10 7.5 4.1 31.1 87.9 7.4 M M
25000 -29.1 -20.4 225 19 10 7.5 4.1 30.3 86.5 6.9 M M
24000 -26.8 -16.2 230 19 10 7.9 4.4 29.6 85.2 6.4 M M
23000 -24.4 -11.9 230 19 10 7.9 4.3 28.8 83.9 5.8 M M
22000 -21.4 -6.5 230 19 10 8.0 4.4 28.0 82.5 5.3 M M
21000 -19.2 -2.6 235 18 9 6.9 3.8 27.1 80.9 4.6 M M
20000 -17.2 1.0 245 17 9 6.9 3.8 26.1 79.0 3.7 M M
19500 -16.1 3.0 245 16 8 6.9 3.8 25.6 78.2 3.3 M M
19000 -15.1 4.8 250 16 8 6.7 3.7 25.2 77.4 3.0 M M
18500 -14.2 6.4 255 16 8 6.4 3.5 24.6 76.3 2.5 M M
18000 -13.2 8.2 260 16 8 6.2 3.4 24.0 75.3 2.0 M M
17500 -12.2 10.0 260 16 8 7.8 4.3 23.6 74.4 1.6 M M
17000 -11.0 12.2 265 16 8 7.6 4.2 23.2 73.7 1.2 M M
16500 -9.9 14.2 265 17 9 7.7 4.2 22.8 73.1 0.9 M M
16000 -8.7 16.3 265 17 9 7.8 4.3 22.5 72.5 0.6 M M
15500 -7.6 18.3 265 17 9 7.9 4.4 22.2 72.0 0.3 M M
15000 -6.4 20.5 265 17 9 8.2 4.5 21.9 71.4 0.0 M M
14500 -5.2 22.6 265 17 9 8.2 4.5 21.7 71.0 -0.3 806 4.1
14000 -4.0 24.8 265 18 9 8.6 4.7 21.4 70.6 -0.5 754 3.8
13500 -2.7 27.1 265 18 9 8.6 4.7 21.2 70.2 -0.7 702 3.6
13000 -1.4 29.5 265 17 9 8.6 4.7 21.0 69.9 -0.9 649 3.3
12500 -0.2 31.6 265 17 9 8.6 4.7 20.9 69.5 -1.1 595 3.0
12000 1.1 34.0 265 17 9 8.7 4.8 20.7 69.2 -1.2 541 2.7
11500 2.5 36.5 260 15 8 8.8 4.8 20.5 68.9 -1.4 487 2.5
11000 3.7 38.7 260 14 7 7.2 4.0 20.2 68.4 -1.7 436 2.2
10500 4.7 40.5 255 11 6 8.9 4.9 19.8 67.7 -2.1 389 2.0
10250 5.5 41.9 255 10 5 10.0 5.5 19.9 67.8 -2.0 359 1.8
10000 6.2 43.2 250 9 5 7.7 4.3 19.8 67.6 -2.1 332 1.7
9750 6.7 44.1 250 8 4 7.5 4.1 19.6 67.3 -2.3 307 1.6
9500 7.3 45.1 245 6 3 8.0 4.4 19.4 67.0 -2.5 283 1.4
9250 7.9 46.2 235 5 3 6.0 3.3 19.3 66.7 -2.6 258 1.3
9000 8.3 46.9 225 4 2 5.9 3.2 18.9 66.0 -3.0 239 1.2
8750 8.8 47.8 205 4 2 7.9 4.3 18.7 65.7 -3.2 215 1.1
8500 9.4 48.9 185 4 2 7.2 3.9 18.5 65.4 -3.3 191 1.0
8250 9.9 49.8 175 5 2 5.7 3.1 18.3 64.9 -3.6 168 0.9
8000 10.2 50.4 170 6 3 4.9 2.7 17.9 64.3 -3.9 150 0.8
7750 10.6 51.1 160 6 3 5.7 3.1 17.6 63.7 -4.3 130 0.7
7500 11.0 51.8 155 7 3 4.7 2.6 17.3 63.1 -4.6 111 0.6
7250 11.3 52.3 150 7 4 3.4 1.8 16.8 62.3 -5.1 95 0.5
7000 11.6 52.9 145 8 4 3.2 1.7 16.3 61.4 -5.6 81 0.4
6750 11.8 53.2 140 7 4 4.0 2.2 15.8 60.5 -6.1 65 0.3
6500 12.0 53.6 135 7 4 -1.3 -0.7 15.3 59.5 -6.6 53 0.3
6250 11.6 52.9 125 7 3 -8.6 -4.7 14.1 57.4 -7.8 58 0.3
6000 11.2 52.2 115 6 3 2.2 1.2 13.0 55.3 -9.0 63 0.3
5750 11.5 52.7 110 6 3 -1.2 -0.7 12.6 54.7 -9.4 45 0.2
5500 M M M M M M M M M M M M
5250 M M M M M M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M M M M M M
* * * * * * NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL FORECAST DATA VALID * * * * * *
04/19/2026 AT 0900 MDT | 04/19/2026 AT 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.7 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +6.2
CINH... -0.0 K INDEX... -9.9 | CINH... 0.0 K INDEX... -5.3
|
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE | TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT | DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -60.6 -77.1 275 45 23 2.7 1.5 | -60.2 -76.4 275 48 25 2.8 1.5
45000 -56.8 -70.2 275 50 26 -3.2 -1.8 | -56.5 -69.7 275 54 28 -3.7 -2.0
40000 -60.9 -77.6 280 35 18 -2.7 -1.5 | -61.0 -77.8 280 41 21 -3.1 -1.7
38000 -59.2 -74.6 280 32 16 5.8 3.2 | -59.5 -75.1 280 37 19 6.0 3.3
36000 -55.7 -68.3 285 29 15 5.8 3.2 | -55.4 -67.7 275 33 17 6.0 3.3
34000 -51.9 -61.4 290 28 15 7.7 4.2 | -51.4 -60.5 275 30 16 7.9 4.3
32000 -47.2 -53.0 290 30 15 7.8 4.3 | -46.7 -52.1 275 30 15 7.9 4.3
30000 -42.4 -44.3 290 31 16 8.2 4.5 | -41.9 -43.4 275 29 15 8.0 4.4
29000 -39.9 -39.8 290 32 16 8.2 4.5 | -39.5 -39.1 280 29 15 8.1 4.4
28000 -37.5 -35.5 290 33 17 8.2 4.5 | -37.1 -34.8 280 28 15 8.1 4.4
27000 -34.4 -29.9 290 34 17 7.8 4.3 | -34.7 -30.5 285 28 15 7.8 4.3
26000 -32.1 -25.8 290 34 18 7.8 4.3 | -32.4 -26.3 285 29 15 7.9 4.3
25000 -29.7 -21.5 290 35 18 7.8 4.3 | -30.0 -22.0 285 30 15 7.9 4.3
24000 -27.5 -17.5 290 35 18 6.7 3.7 | -27.7 -17.9 290 30 15 7.5 4.1
23000 -25.4 -13.7 290 35 18 6.8 3.7 | -25.5 -13.9 290 30 16 7.4 4.1
22000 -23.4 -10.1 290 34 18 6.8 3.7 | -22.7 -8.9 290 31 16 7.4 4.1
21000 -21.5 -6.7 285 33 17 6.3 3.5 | -20.6 -5.1 290 30 15 7.0 3.8
20000 -19.6 -3.3 285 31 16 6.4 3.5 | -18.6 -1.5 285 28 15 7.0 3.8
19500 -18.7 -1.7 285 29 15 6.4 3.5 | -17.5 0.5 285 28 14 7.0 3.8
19000 -17.7 0.1 280 28 15 6.6 3.6 | -16.5 2.3 285 27 14 7.1 3.9
18500 -16.6 2.1 280 27 14 8.0 4.4 | -15.5 4.1 280 25 13 7.1 3.9
18000 -15.4 4.3 280 25 13 7.9 4.4 | -14.4 6.1 275 24 12 7.1 3.9
17500 -14.2 6.4 280 23 12 7.7 4.2 | -13.3 8.1 275 22 11 7.4 4.1
17000 -13.1 8.4 275 22 11 7.7 4.2 | -12.2 10.0 270 21 11 7.4 4.1
16500 -11.9 10.6 275 21 11 7.4 4.1 | -11.1 12.0 270 20 10 7.3 4.0
16000 -10.8 12.6 275 20 10 7.0 3.8 | -10.0 14.0 265 19 10 7.1 3.9
15500 -9.8 14.4 270 19 10 7.0 3.8 | -9.0 15.8 265 18 9 7.1 3.9
15000 -8.7 16.3 270 19 10 6.7 3.7 | -7.9 17.8 265 17 9 6.9 3.8
14500 -7.7 18.1 265 19 10 6.7 3.7 | -6.9 19.6 260 17 9 6.9 3.8
14000 -6.7 19.9 260 19 10 6.9 3.8 | -5.9 21.4 260 17 8 6.3 3.4
13500 -5.6 21.9 260 19 10 6.9 3.8 | -4.9 23.2 255 16 8 6.3 3.5
13000 -4.6 23.7 255 19 10 6.7 3.7 | -4.0 24.8 255 16 8 6.3 3.5
12500 -3.6 25.5 255 19 10 6.7 3.7 | -3.0 26.6 250 15 8 6.3 3.4
12000 -2.6 27.3 250 18 9 6.8 3.7 | -2.0 28.4 245 15 8 6.9 3.8
11500 -1.6 29.1 245 17 9 6.8 3.7 | -1.0 30.2 240 14 7 6.9 3.8
11000 -0.6 30.9 245 15 8 6.7 3.7 | 0.0 32.0 240 14 7 7.3 4.0
10500 0.4 32.7 240 14 7 7.0 3.9 | 1.1 34.0 235 12 6 7.8 4.3
10250 0.9 33.6 235 13 7 5.2 2.9 | 1.7 35.1 235 12 6 5.7 3.1
10000 1.2 34.2 235 12 6 5.1 2.8 | 2.0 35.6 230 11 6 6.1 3.4
9750 1.7 35.1 230 11 6 6.9 3.8 | 2.6 36.7 230 10 5 8.4 4.6
9500 2.2 36.0 225 10 5 6.5 3.5 | 3.2 37.8 230 9 5 8.0 4.4
9250 2.7 36.9 220 10 5 6.3 3.5 | 3.8 38.8 225 8 4 7.2 4.0
9000 3.5 38.3 215 8 4 5.1 2.8 | 4.3 39.7 225 7 4 6.8 3.7
8750 3.9 39.0 205 8 4 5.0 2.7 | 4.8 40.6 225 7 3 7.7 4.2
8500 4.3 39.7 200 8 4 5.1 2.8 | 5.4 41.7 225 6 3 7.6 4.2
8250 4.7 40.5 190 7 4 5.1 2.8 | 5.9 42.6 225 5 3 5.9 3.3
8000 5.0 41.0 180 7 4 5.6 3.1 | 6.9 44.4 220 3 2 10.2 5.6
7750 5.4 41.7 175 7 4 5.1 2.8 | 7.7 45.9 220 3 2 10.4 5.7
7500 5.8 42.4 170 7 4 3.8 2.1 | 8.3 46.9 220 3 1 7.4 4.1
7250 6.0 42.8 165 7 4 2.7 1.5 | 8.9 48.0 220 2 1 6.8 3.7
7000 6.3 43.3 155 7 4 6.4 3.5 | 9.5 49.1 220 2 1 12.5 6.9
6750 6.8 44.2 150 6 3 6.3 3.4 | 10.6 51.1 220 2 1 12.9 7.1
6500 7.1 44.8 145 5 3 3.1 1.7 | 11.3 52.3 220 2 1 9.1 5.0
6250 7.3 45.1 135 5 3 2.8 1.5 | 12.1 53.8 225 1 1 9.0 4.9
6000 7.6 45.7 125 5 2 7.3 4.0 | 12.8 55.0 230 1 1 13.6 7.5
5750 8.6 47.5 120 3 2 18.5 10.1 | 14.3 57.7 230 2 1 26.9 14.8
5500 9.4 48.9 110 3 2 -8.2 -4.5 | 16.0 60.8 250 1 0 9.0 4.9
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
04/19/2026 AT 1500 MDT | 04/19/2026 AT 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.6 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +4.9
CINH... -0.1 K INDEX... -3.4 | CINH... 0.0 K INDEX... -4.4
|
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE | TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT | DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -60.2 -76.4 275 55 29 3.1 1.7 | -60.3 -76.5 270 58 30 3.3 1.8
45000 -56.2 -69.2 270 63 32 -4.2 -2.3 | -56.0 -68.8 270 66 34 -4.5 -2.5
40000 -61.6 -78.9 280 44 23 -3.6 -2.0 | -61.8 -79.2 270 44 22 -3.9 -2.1
38000 -59.2 -74.6 280 40 20 6.8 3.8 | -59.3 -74.7 270 38 20 7.3 4.0
36000 -55.1 -67.2 285 38 19 6.8 3.8 | -54.9 -66.8 275 35 18 7.3 4.0
34000 -50.8 -59.4 285 36 18 7.9 4.3 | -50.3 -58.5 275 33 17 8.0 4.4
32000 -46.0 -50.8 285 34 17 7.9 4.3 | -45.5 -49.9 280 30 15 8.0 4.4
30000 -41.4 -42.5 285 32 16 7.8 4.3 | -40.7 -41.3 280 28 14 7.7 4.3
29000 -39.0 -38.2 285 30 16 7.8 4.3 | -38.4 -37.1 280 26 14 7.8 4.3
28000 -36.7 -34.1 285 29 15 7.8 4.3 | -36.1 -33.0 285 25 13 7.8 4.3
27000 -34.4 -29.9 285 27 14 7.5 4.1 | -33.8 -28.8 285 24 12 7.3 4.0
26000 -32.1 -25.8 285 27 14 7.5 4.1 | -31.6 -24.9 285 22 11 7.3 4.0
25000 -29.9 -21.8 285 26 13 7.5 4.1 | -29.4 -20.9 285 21 11 7.3 4.0
24000 -27.6 -17.7 285 25 13 7.8 4.3 | -26.6 -15.9 285 19 10 7.9 4.3
23000 -24.7 -12.5 285 25 13 7.8 4.3 | -24.3 -11.7 285 19 10 7.9 4.3
22000 -22.4 -8.3 290 26 13 7.8 4.3 | -21.9 -7.4 285 19 10 7.9 4.3
21000 -20.0 -4.0 285 25 13 7.9 4.4 | -19.5 -3.1 285 18 9 7.9 4.3
20000 -17.7 0.1 285 24 12 8.0 4.4 | -17.2 1.0 285 17 9 7.9 4.3
19500 -16.5 2.3 285 24 12 7.9 4.4 | -16.0 3.2 280 17 9 7.9 4.3
19000 -15.3 4.5 280 23 12 7.7 4.2 | -14.8 5.4 280 16 8 7.7 4.2
18500 -14.2 6.4 280 22 12 7.2 3.9 | -13.7 7.3 280 16 8 7.2 4.0
18000 -13.1 8.4 275 22 11 7.2 4.0 | -12.7 9.1 280 16 8 7.3 4.0
17500 -12.1 10.2 275 21 11 7.2 3.9 | -11.6 11.1 275 16 8 6.8 3.7
17000 -11.0 12.2 270 20 10 7.2 3.9 | -10.6 12.9 275 16 8 6.8 3.7
16500 -9.9 14.2 265 20 10 7.0 3.8 | -9.5 14.9 270 16 8 6.7 3.7
16000 -8.9 16.0 265 19 10 6.8 3.7 | -8.5 16.7 265 15 8 6.7 3.7
15500 -7.9 17.8 260 18 9 6.8 3.7 | -7.5 18.5 260 15 8 6.7 3.7
15000 -6.9 19.6 255 17 9 6.5 3.5 | -6.5 20.3 250 15 8 7.1 3.9
14500 -5.9 21.4 255 17 9 6.4 3.5 | -5.5 22.1 245 15 8 7.0 3.8
14000 -4.9 23.2 250 16 8 6.8 3.7 | -4.4 24.1 240 15 8 8.2 4.5
13500 -3.9 25.0 245 16 8 6.7 3.7 | -3.2 26.2 235 15 8 8.0 4.4
13000 -2.9 26.8 240 15 8 7.5 4.1 | -2.0 28.4 230 14 7 8.5 4.7
12500 -1.8 28.8 235 14 7 7.5 4.1 | -0.7 30.7 230 13 7 8.6 4.7
12000 -0.6 30.9 235 14 7 8.1 4.5 | 0.6 33.1 230 12 6 8.1 4.4
11500 0.6 33.1 235 12 6 8.2 4.5 | 1.8 35.2 230 10 5 8.0 4.4
11000 1.8 35.2 235 11 6 7.9 4.4 | 2.9 37.2 235 9 5 7.4 4.1
10500 3.0 37.4 235 10 5 8.5 4.7 | 4.0 39.2 240 8 4 6.9 3.8
10250 3.5 38.3 235 9 5 5.2 2.9 | 4.6 40.3 245 7 4 9.1 5.0
10000 3.9 39.0 240 9 4 6.1 3.3 | 5.4 41.7 245 7 3 9.7 5.3
9750 4.5 40.1 240 8 4 9.8 5.4 | 6.0 42.8 250 6 3 7.8 4.3
9500 5.2 41.4 245 7 3 9.5 5.2 | 6.6 43.9 255 6 3 8.3 4.6
9250 5.9 42.6 250 6 3 7.0 3.9 | 7.2 45.0 260 6 3 8.1 4.4
9000 6.3 43.3 260 5 3 6.9 3.8 | 7.8 46.0 275 5 3 8.4 4.6
8750 7.0 44.6 265 5 2 9.7 5.3 | 9.1 48.4 280 5 3 8.9 4.9
8500 7.7 45.9 265 5 2 9.4 5.1 | 9.7 49.5 280 5 3 7.3 4.0
8250 8.8 47.8 285 4 2 7.4 4.1 | 10.2 50.4 295 5 3 7.1 3.9
8000 9.6 49.3 290 4 2 11.4 6.3 | 10.9 51.6 295 5 3 9.8 5.4
7750 10.5 50.9 285 4 2 11.3 6.2 | 11.6 52.9 290 5 2 10.1 5.6
7500 11.2 52.2 290 4 2 8.1 4.5 | 12.3 54.1 290 5 2 8.4 4.6
7250 11.7 53.1 300 4 2 7.1 3.9 | 12.9 55.2 300 5 3 7.7 4.2
7000 12.4 54.3 305 4 2 12.7 7.0 | 13.6 56.5 305 5 3 11.1 6.1
6750 13.5 56.3 290 4 2 12.9 7.1 | 14.5 58.1 295 5 2 11.8 6.5
6500 14.2 57.6 300 4 2 9.2 5.1 | 15.3 59.5 300 5 2 9.7 5.3
6250 15.0 59.0 305 4 2 9.1 5.0 | 16.0 60.8 305 5 3 9.6 5.3
6000 15.7 60.3 310 4 2 12.8 7.0 | 16.7 62.1 310 5 3 9.8 5.4
5750 17.1 62.8 300 4 2 25.5 14.0 | 17.5 63.5 300 4 2 13.8 7.5
5500 19.1 66.4 315 5 2 21.7 11.9 | 19.0 66.2 315 5 2 28.1 15.4
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
THIS PRODUCT IS ISSUED TWICE PER DAY, ONCE BY APPROXIMATELY 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) AND AGAIN BY APPROXIMATELY 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). IT IS NOT
CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED NOR UPDATED AFTER ITS INITIAL ISSUANCE.
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS BASED ON RAWINSONDE OBSERVATION AND/OR
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL DATA TAKEN AT WALKER FIELD IN GRAND
JUNCTION, COLORADO AT
NORTH LATITUDE: 39 DEG 07 MIN 00.001 SEC
WEST LONGITUDE: 108 DEG 31 MIN 59.998 SEC
ELEVATION: 4839 FEET (1475 METERS)
AND MAY NOT BE REPRESENTATIVE OF OTHER AREAS ALONG THE WESTERN SLOPE OF
COLORADO. NOTE THAT SOME ELEVATIONS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS
DIFFER FROM ACTUAL STATION ELEVATIONS, WHICH CAN LEAD TO DATA WHICH APPEAR
TO BE BELOW GROUND. ERRONEOUS DATA SUCH AS THESE SHOULD NOT BE USED.
THE CONTENT AND FORMAT OF THIS REPORT AS WELL AS THE ISSUANCE TIMES ARE SUBJECT
TO CHANGE WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE. COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ARE WELCOME AND SHOULD
BE DIRECTED TO ONE OF THE ADDRESSES OR PHONE NUMBERS SHOWN AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE. TO EXPEDITE A RESPONSE TO COMMENTS, BE SURE TO MENTION YOUR INTEREST IN
THE SOARING FORECAST.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY) - AN INTEGRATED MEASURE OF THE
ENERGY AVAILABLE FOR CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT, ALSO KNOWN AS THE POSITIVE
AREA ON A THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAM. UNITS ARE JOULES PER KILOGRAM. LARGER
VALUES ARE INDICATIVE OF GREATER INSTABILITY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF
STRONGER CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY, INCLUDING THUNDERSTORMS. VALUES AROUND OR
GREATER THAN 1000 SUGGEST THE POSSIBILITY OF SEVERE WEATHER SHOULD
CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOP.
CINH (CONVECTIVE INHIBITION) - AN INTEGRATED MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
NEEDED TO INITIATE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY, ALSO KNOWN AS THE NEGATIVE AREA ON
A THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAM. UNITS ARE JOULES PER KILOGRAM. THE MORE NEGATIVE
THIS NUMBER, THE MORE ENERGY IS REQUIRED TO INITIATE CONVECTION. THIS
INHIBITIVE ENERGY CAN BE OVERCOME THROUGH SURFACE HEATING, COOLING ALOFT,
LIFTING MECHANISMS (OROGRAPHIC, FRONTAL, GRAVITY WAVES, ETC.)
CONVECTIVE CONDENSATION LEVEL - THE HEIGHT TO WHICH AN AIR PARCEL POSSESSING THE
AVERAGE SATURATION MIXING RATIO IN THE LOWEST 4000 FEET OF THE AIRMASS,
IF HEATED SUFFICIENTLY FROM BELOW, WILL RISE DRY ADIABATICALLY UNTIL IT
JUST BECOMES SATURATED. IT ESTIMATES THE BASE OF CUMULUS CLOUDS THAT ARE
PRODUCED BY SURFACE HEATING ONLY.
CONVECTION TEMPERATURE (CONVECTIONT) - THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE REQUIRED TO MAKE
THE AIRMASS DRY ADIABATIC UP TO THE GIVEN LEVEL. IT CAN BE CONSIDERED A
"TRIGGER TEMPERATURE" FOR THAT LEVEL.
FREEZING LEVEL - THE HEIGHT WHERE THE TEMPERATURE IS ZERO DEGREES CELSIUS.
HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER - THE HEIGHT (BETWEEN 12,000 AND 18,000 FEET ABOVE
MEAN SEA LEVEL) WHERE THE SMALLEST LAPSE RATE EXISTS. THE LOCATION AND
EXISTENCE OF THIS FEATURE IS IMPORTANT IN THE GENERATION OF MOUNTAIN
WAVES.
K INDEX - A MEASURE OF STABILITY WHICH COMBINES THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN APPROXIMATELY 5,000 AND 18,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE, THE AMOUNT
OF MOISTURE AT APPROXIMATELY 5,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE, AND A MEASURE
OF THE DRYNESS AT APPROXIMATELY 10,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE. LARGER
POSITIVE NUMBERS INDICATE MORE INSTABILITY AND A GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT. ONE INTERPRETATION OF K INDEX VALUES REGARDING
SOARING IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES IS GIVEN IN WMO TECHNICAL NOTE 158
AND IS REPRODUCED IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE:
BELOW -10 NO OR WEAK THERMALS
-10 TO 5 DRY THERMALS OR 1/8 CUMULUS WITH MODERATE THERMALS
5 TO 15 GOOD SOARING CONDITIONS
15 TO 20 GOOD SOARING CONDITIONS WITH OCCASIONAL SHOWERS
20 TO 30 EXCELLENT SOARING CONDITIONS, BUT INCREASING
PROBABILITY OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
ABOVE 30 MORE THAN 60 PERCENT PROBABILITY OF THUNDERSTORMS
LAPSE RATE - THE CHANGE WITH HEIGHT OF THE TEMPERATURE. NEGATIVE VALUES INDICATE
INVERSIONS.
LIFTED CONDENSATION LEVEL - THE HEIGHT TO WHICH AN AIR PARCEL POSSESSING THE
AVERAGE DEW POINT IN THE LOWEST 4000 FEET OF THE AIRMASS AND THE FORECAST
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MUST BE LIFTED DRY ADIABATICALLY TO ATTAIN SATURATION.
LIFTED INDEX (LI) - THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AT A
LEVEL APPROXIMATELY 18,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE AND THE TEMPERATURE OF
AN AIR PARCEL LIFTED DRY ADIABATICALLY FROM THE SURFACE TO ITS LIFTED
CONDENSATION LEVEL AND THEN PSEUDOADIABATICALLY THEREAFTER TO THIS SAME
LEVEL. THE PARCEL'S INITIAL TEMPERATURE IS THE FORECAST MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE AND ITS DEW POINT IS THE AVERAGE DEW POINT IN THE LOWEST 4000
FEET OF THE AIRMASS. NEGATIVE VALUES ARE INDICATIVE OF INSTABILITY WITH
POSITIVE VALUES SHOWING STABLE CONDITIONS.
LIFT RATE - AN EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATE OF THE STRENGTH OF THERMALS. IT IS
COMPUTED THE SAME WAY AS THE MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT BUT USES THE ACTUAL
LEVEL RATHER THAN THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS IN THE CALCULATION.
ALSO, NONE OF THE EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON CLOUDINESS AND K-INDEX
ARE APPLIED TO THESE CALCULATIONS.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS - THE HEIGHT WHERE THE DRY ADIABAT THROUGH THE
FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE INTERSECTS THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE.
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT - AN ESTIMATE OF THE MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF THERMALS. IT
IS COMPUTED FROM AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA WHICH COMBINES THE EXPECTED MAXIMUM
HEIGHT OF THERMALS WITH THE DIFFERENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES
BETWEEN THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS AND THE TEMPERATURE 4,000 FEET
ABOVE THE GROUND. AFTER THIS COMPUTATION, FURTHER EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENTS
ARE MADE BASED ON THE VALUE OF THE K-INDEX AND THE AMOUNT AND OPACITY OF
MIDDLE AND HIGH LEVEL CLOUDINESS EXPECTED BETWEEN THE TIME OF TRIGGER
TEMPERATURE AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT.
MIDDLE/HIGH CLOUDS - THE AMOUNT AND OPACITY OF MIDDLE (ALTOSTRATUS, ALTOCUMULUS)
OR HIGH (CIRRUS, CIRROSTRATUS, CIRROCUMULUS) CLOUDS. BROKEN MEANS THAT
BETWEEN 60% AND 90% OF THE SKY IS COVERED BY THE CLOUD, WITH OVERCAST
CONDITIONS OCCURRING WHEN MORE THAN 90% OF THE SKY IS COVERED BY THE CLOUD.
THIN IMPLIES THAT THE CLOUDS ARE PREDOMINANTLY TRANSPARENT, MEANING THAT
SOME SUNLIGHT IS REACHING THE GROUND, IN CONTRAST TO OPAQUE WHICH SUGGESTS
THAT LITTLE SUNLIGHT IS REACHING THE GROUND.
POTENTIAL HEIGHT OF WAVE - THE MINIMUM OF THE FOLLOWING TWO HEIGHTS:
1. LEVEL ABOVE THE HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER (OR 14,000 FEET IF NONE EXISTS)
WHERE THE WIND DIRECTION CHANGES BY 30 DEGREES OR MORE
2. LEVEL ABOVE THE HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER (OR 14,000 FEET IF NONE EXISTS)
WHERE THE WIND SPEED NO LONGER INCREASES WITH HEIGHT
PVA/NVA - POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION (PVA)/NEGATIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION (NVA)
ON THE 500 MILLIBAR ISOBARIC SURFACE (APPROXIMATELY 18,000 FEET ABOVE MEAN
SEA LEVEL). WEAK PVA HAS BEEN SHOWN TO ASSIST IN MOUNTAIN WAVE SOARING.
SOARING WINDOW - THE TIME BETWEEN THE TIME THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE IS REACHED
AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT.
THERMAL INDEX - THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AND THE
TEMPERATURE AT A PARTICULAR LEVEL DETERMINED BY FOLLOWING THE DRY ADIABAT
THROUGH THE FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE UP TO THAT LEVEL. NEGATIVE VALUES
ARE INDICATIVE OF THERMAL LIFT.
THERMAL SOARING INDEX - AN ADJECTIVE RATING (FOR SAILPLANES) BASED ON THE
COMPUTED MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT, AND THE WIND SPEED AND MIDDLE AND HIGH
CLOUD COVER EXPECTED DURING THE SOARING WINDOW (THE TIME OF THE TRIGGER
TEMPERATURE AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT) ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING:
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT ADJECTIVE RATING
>= 800 FPM EXCELLENT
>= 400 AND < 800 FPM GOOD
>= 200 AND < 400 FPM FAIR
< 200 FPM POOR
TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT - THE TIME ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING PHENOMENA,
WHICH ESSENTIALLY SHUT OFF THERMAL LIFT, IS EXPECTED TO OCCUR:
1. FORMATION OF BROKEN TO OVERCAST CONVECTIVE CLOUD COVER
2. FORMATION OF SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS DOWNBURSTS
3. INITIATION OF WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION
TIME OF TRIGGER TEMPERATURE - THE TIME THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS EXPECTED TO
REACH THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE.
TRIGGER TEMPERATURE - THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE REQUIRED TO MAKE THE FIRST 4000
FEET OF THE ATMOSPHERE DRY ADIABATIC.
WAVE SOARING INDEX - AN EMPIRICAL, ADJECTIVE RATING (FOR SAILPLANES) WHICH
ATTEMPTS TO COMBINE A VARIETY OF PHENOMENA IMPORTANT IN MOUNTAIN WAVE
SOARING INTO A SINGLE INDEX NUMBER. OBJECTIVE POINTS ARE ASSIGNED TO
THESE PHENOMENA: WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION AT 14,000 FT MSL, THE STATIC
STABILITY IN THE 12,000-18,000 FT MSL LAYER, THE WIND SPEED GRADIENT ABOVE
THE STABLE LAYER, JET STREAM LOCATION AND FRONTAL AND UPPER TROUGH
MOVEMENTS.
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