015  
FXUS63 KIWX 031603  
AFDIWX  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA  
1203 PM EDT FRI OCT 3 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- WARM AND DRY FOR THE WEEKEND THROUGH EARLY NEXT WEEK. HIGH  
TEMPERATURES WELL ABOVE NORMAL IN THE MID TO UPPER 80S.  
 
- MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES AS LOW AS 25% TO 40% OVER THE  
WEEKEND MAY BE CONDUCIVE FOR ELEVATED FIRE DANGER, ESPECIALLY  
SUNDAY WHEN BREEZES PICK UP.  
 
- CHANCES FOR RAIN ARRIVE LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY. IN  
TOTAL, 0.25" TO 0.75" OF RAIN WILL BE POSSIBLE, WHICH WILL  
NOT BE ENOUGH TO OFFSET ONGOING DROUGHT.  
 
- NOTICEABLY COOLER BY MIDWEEK WITH TEMPERATURES CLOSER TO  
SEASONABLE LEVELS. HIGHS IN THE LOW TO MID 60S WITH LOWS IN  
THE 40S TO UPPER 30S POSSIBLE.  
 
 
   
UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 1008 AM EDT FRI OCT 3 2025  
 
THE REMNANTS OF AN OLD CUT-OFF UPPER LEVEL SHORT WAVE TROUGH  
ARE BEING SHEARED AS THIS VORT FILAMENT HAS LIFTED INTO  
CENTRAL/NORTHERN ILLINOIS THIS MORNING. THIS FEATURE IS ALSO  
ASSOCIATED WITH SOME HIGHER LOW LEVEL THETA-E AIR WHICH HAS BEEN  
CONDUCIVE FOR ENOUGH INSTABILITY FOR A FEW ISOLATED SHOWERS  
ACROSS CENTRAL ILLINOIS/NORTHEAST ILLINOIS. THIS LOCAL THETA-E  
MAXIMUM SHOULD ATTEMPT TO ADVECT INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA THIS  
AFTERNOON, BUT IN A WEAKER STATE. RAP SHORT TERM PROGS DO  
INDICATE ~ 500 J/KG OF SFC BASED CAPE ACROSS THE FAR WEST THIS  
AFTERNOON WITH THE INCREASED LOW LEVEL MOISTURE POSSIBLY  
HELPING TO OVERCOME SOME WEAK LOW LEVEL CIN. GIVEN WEAKENING  
NATURE TO MID/UPPER LEVEL FORCING AND VERY WEAK INSTABILITY,  
WILL CONTINUE TO KEEP POPS BELOW MENTIONABLE LEVELS AROUND 10%,  
GENERALLY TO THE WEST OF US-31 ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA. NO MAJOR  
CHANGES TO THE GOING FORECAST WILL BE MADE AT THIS TIME, WITH  
LOWEST MIN AFTERNOON RELATIVE HUMIDITIES ACROSS FAR NE IN/NW OH.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 258 AM EDT FRI OCT 3 2025  
 
SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE RESIDES IN THE NORTHEASTERN US AND SLIDES  
SOUTHWARD SLOWLY THROUGH TODAY. AT THE MID LEVELS, RIDGING IS IN  
PLACE AND ACTS TO SUPPRESS LARGE SCALE DISTURBANCES. AT THE SAME  
TIME, MID LEVEL SHORTWAVES STILL ROTATE AROUND THE HIGH PRESSURE  
SYSTEM AS WELL AS AN AREA OF BETTER MOISTURE IN THE FORM OF 60  
DEGREE DEW POINTS AS WARM AIR ADVECTION ENSUES. WITH THIS WARM AIR  
ADVECTION TODAY, WE'LL HAVE SCATTERED CLOUD COVER THAT SHOWS ITSELF  
IN TIME-SECTIONS AND SOUNDINGS JUST ABOVE 850 MB. IT WILL ALSO HELP  
THE AREA RETURN SECURELY BACK INTO 80 DEGREE HIGH TEMPERATURES. IN  
FACT, MID 80S OR HIGHER SEEM POSSIBLE FOR MOST PLACES AS MIXING GETS  
UP TO AROUND 800 MB WHERE 10C RESIDES. THERE HAVE BEEN VARIOUS FIELD  
AND GRASS FIRES OBSERVED ACROSS THE AREA IN RECENT DAYS AND THESE  
HAVE BEEN HELPED ALONG BY OUR DRY DROUGHT CONDITIONS. THE LIMITING  
FACTOR FOR THESE CONDITIONS HAS BEEN THE RELATIVELY WEAK WINDS SO  
THAT ANY FIRES THAT START HAVE TROUBLE GETTING OUT OF CONTROL.  
GRASSES AND CROP FIELDS HAVE BEEN DRYING OUT AND BROWNING THE LAST  
COUPLE OF DAYS AND THIS LIKELY ALSO SERVES AS A FACTOR IN FIRE  
CONDITIONS. FOR SATURDAY, SIMILAR HIGH TEMPERATURES AND SIMILAR DEW  
POINTS TO FRIDAY PAINT A SIMILAR FIRE CONDITION PICTURE, BUT  
SLIGHTLY HIGHER WINDS AND MIXING TO REDUCE DEW POINTS WILL MAKE 30  
PERCENT MINRH VALUES LIKELY AND PERHAPS A FEW 20 PERCENT VALUES  
COULD BE OBSERVED. ONE INTERESTING WRINKLE ON SATURDAY IS THAT THE  
NAM WANTS TO BRING THE 60 DEGREE SFC DEW POINTS FARTHER EAST AND  
PRODUCE SOME LIGHT PRECIPITATION AS A RESULT. AM NOT ENTIRELY  
CONVINCED BASED ON FORECAST SOUNDINGS THAT RAIN IS PRODUCED, THOUGH.  
SUNDAY'S FIRE WEATHER POTENTIAL IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST IN THIS  
FORECAST WITH INCREASED WIND GUSTS UP TO 20 TO 25 MPH (THE COLD  
FRONT EDGES CLOSER AND THE GRADIENT INCREASES CAUSING THE LOW LEVEL  
JET TO PUSH INTO THE AREA), AND DRIER TRENDS IN DEW POINTS THROUGH  
THE 50S TO THE 40S BY DAY'S END, ALL THE WHILE TEMPERATURES RISE  
INTO THE MID 80S. MINRH PERCENTAGES IN THE 30S ARE LIKELY AND 20  
PERCENT IS ALSO POSSIBLE.  
 
BY THE TIME WE GET TO MONDAY, THE TROUGH IN THE WESTERN US SHEARS  
OUT AND THE ENERGY PUSHES NORTHEAST INTO CANADA AS HELPED ALONG BY  
THE UPPER LOW THERE. PAST MODEL RUNS HAVE BEEN INSISTENT ON BRINGING  
MOISTURE INTO THE AREA OUT AHEAD OF THE SLOW MOVING COLD FRONT AND  
CAUSING SHOWERS. AM SKEPTICAL OF PRE-FRONTAL INITIATION GIVEN OUR  
ANTECEDENT DRY AIR AND THE FACT THAT THE MOISTURE PLUME REALLY  
STRUGGLES TO ADVANCE THIS FAR NORTH. EVEN THE GFS, WHICH BRINGS RAIN  
INTO THE AREA ON MONDAY, IS QUITE DRY BELOW 700 MB, WHICH POINTS TO  
SPRINKLES AND LIGHT RAIN OR VIRGA IF IT HAPPENS AT ALL. HAVE MORE  
CONFIDENCE ON RAIN ALONG THE MAIN FRONT, WHICH MOVES THROUGH BETWEEN  
MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY. THERE IS SOME INSTABILITY TO WORK WITH  
DURING THIS TIME (~500 J/KG OF MUCAPE EARLY MONDAY NIGHT AND THEN UP  
TO 1000 J/KG OF MUCAPE TUESDAY AFTERNOON) SO THERE COULD BE SOME  
THUNDERSTORMS WITH LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN.  
 
IT'LL TAKE A SHORTWAVE TRAVERSING THE BOTTOM OF THE TROUGH TO PUSH  
THE COLD FRONT THROUGH THE AREA. EXPECT DRY AND COOLER CONDITIONS  
BEHIND THE COLD FRONT WITH DEW POINTS BACK IN THE 40S, BUT HIGHS IN  
THE 60S AS OPPOSED TO THE 80S FROM MONDAY. WITH THE ARRIVAL OF COLD  
AIR, WE'LL NEED TO WATCH FOR FROST WEDNESDAY NIGHT SINCE UPPER 30  
DEGREE LOW TEMPS DRAIN SOUTHWARD FROM MICHIGAN.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z SATURDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 1203 PM EDT FRI OCT 3 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS, LIGHT WINDS, AND MAINLY CLEAR SKIES WILL PERSIST  
AGAIN THIS PERIOD ON THE BACKSIDE OF HIGH PRESSURE.  
 
 
   
IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
IN...NONE.  
OH...NONE.  
MI...NONE.  
MARINE...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...MARSILI  
DISCUSSION...ROLLER  
AVIATION...STEINWEDEL  
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