075  
FXUS63 KUNR 280758  
AFDUNR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR WESTERN SD AND NORTHEASTERN WY  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RAPID CITY SD  
158 AM MDT SAT JUN 28 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN  
TODAY, MAINLY ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-90. PRIMARY HAZARDS WILL BE  
DAMAGING WIND GUSTS AND LARGE HAIL.  
 
- THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUE THROUGH TONIGHT AND INTO SUNDAY, WITH  
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL POSSIBLE.  
 
- DRIER CONDITIONS ARRIVE MONDAY, BUT CHANCES FOR ISOLATED  
THUNDERSTORMS RETURN TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
(TODAY THROUGH FRIDAY)  
ISSUED AT 158 AM MDT SAT JUN 28 2025  
 
WATER VAPOR IMAGERY TONIGHT SHOWS A NOTABLE ENHANCEMENT OF DEEP  
MOISTURE ASSOCIATED WITH ONGOING WIDESPREAD CONVECTION ACROSS THE  
EASTERN DAKOTAS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST. UPSTREAM, A WEAK WAVE IS  
SUPPORTING CONVECTIVE SHOWERS AND STORMS ACROSS CENTRAL/EASTERN MT,  
WITH A TRAILING, SOMEWHAT DEEPER DISTURBANCE EJECTING OUT OF THE  
PACIFIC NORTHWEST. CLOSER TO HOME, WIDESPREAD ALTOCU IS INDICATIVE  
OF STEEP MIDLEVEL LAPSE RATES AND ELEVATED CAPE. THIS MIDLEVEL  
CONVECTION MAY LEAD TO SOME SENSIBLE IMPACTS AT THE SURFACE LATER  
TONIGHT INTO EARLY TOMORROW MORNING, BUT NEAR-TERM IMPACTS WILL  
LIKELY BE LIMITED TO SPRINKLES, IF ANYTHING. AN APPROACHING MIDLEVEL  
VORTICITY MAXIMUM PER LATEST RAP ANALYSIS SHOULD BRING AN END TO  
THIS ACTIVITY BY MID-TO-LATE MORNING.  
 
THROUGH EARLY AFTERNOON TODAY, MODEST CAPPING NEAR AND OVER THE  
BLACK HILLS WITH MORE PRONOUNCED INVERSION FARTHER EAST/WEST OF THE  
BLACK HILLS SHOULD LIMIT CONVECTIVE INITIATION. HOWEVER, TERRAIN-  
DRIVEN CONVERGENCE OWING TO DAYTIME HEATING SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO  
OVERCOME THE CAP BY MID-AFTERNOON, LEADING TO SOME CONVECTIVE  
INITIATION. THE INVERSION COULD MIX OUT EARLIER SOUTHWEST OF THE  
BLACK HILLS, BUT INITIAL UPDRAFTS MAY STRUGGLE IN AN ENVIRONMENT  
CHARACTERIZED BY DEEPER BOUNDARY LAYERS AND, OVERALL, A DRIER  
PROFILE. OVER AND NEAR THE BLACK HILLS, ASSUMING THE CAP IS  
OVERCOME, THE ENVIRONMENT SHOULD BE FAIRLY SUPPORTIVE OF STRONG TO  
SEVERE CONVECTION. 00Z HREF SUGGESTS A COMBINATION OF SBCAPE OF AT  
LEAST 2000 J/KG AND 0-6 KM SHEAR VECTOR MAGNITUDES OF 40 KT OR  
GREATER IS POSSIBLE TO PROBABLE BY MID-AFTERNOON. LONG DEEP-LAYER  
HODOGRAPHS WITH LIMITED LOW-LEVEL SHEAR MAY FAVOR HAIL AS THE  
PRIMARY HAZARD, THOUGH CONVECTION INITIATING FARTHER WEST MAY POSE A  
THREAT FOR DOWNBURSTS OWING TO INVERTED-V PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH  
THE AFOREMENTIONED DEEPER, DRIER BOUNDARY LAYERS. LATER IN THE  
AFTERNOON/EVENING, MERGING OUTFLOWS MAY GRADUALLY PROMOTE EVOLUTION  
TO PREDOMINANTLY A LINEAR MODE, WITH STRAIGHT-LINE WINDS BECOMING  
THE PRIMARY THREAT. PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES 125-175% OF NORMAL  
COMBINED WITH DEEP VAPOR TRANSPORT/CONVERGENCE COULD SUPPORT LOCALLY  
HEAVY RAINFALL TOMORROW EVENING INTO THE OVERNIGHT, WITH 00Z HREF  
SHOWING A HIGH LIKELIHOOD OF SOME TOTALS AT OR ABOVE 1". CONFIDENCE  
IN PLACEMENT OF THOSE HIGHER TOTALS, BUT TO PUT A SLIGHTLY FINER  
POINT ON THE POTENTIAL, THESE WILL LIKELY FALL SOMEWHERE ALONG OR  
EAST OF THE BLACK HILLS TO THE SOUTH OF U.S. 212.  
 
THE OTHER CONCERN TODAY WILL BE HEAT, PARTICULARLY ACROSS SOUTH  
CENTRAL SD. THOUGH FOOTPRINT WILL BE LIMITED, HEAT INDICES MAY  
REACH TRIPLE DIGITS FOR A PERIOD THIS AFTERNOON, ESPECIALLY NEAR  
THE WHITE RIVER.  
 
THE LOW-LEVEL TROF SUPPORTING CONVECTION TODAY WILL SHIFT EASTWARD  
TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY, WITH AN ATTENDANT BACKDOOR FRONT SLOWLY  
DRIFTING SOUTHWARD THROUGH THE AREA. THIS BAROCLINIC ZONE MAY LINGER  
NEAR THE BLACK HILLS/SOUTHERN TIER OF OUR AREA THROUGH SUNDAY,  
SUPPORTING THE POTENTIAL FOR AT LEAST DIURNAL CONVECTION ALONG AND  
SOUTH OF I-90 AS ABOVE NORMAL PWATS PERSIST. DEEP-LAYER SHEAR  
REMAINS FAVORABLE FOR ORGANIZED CONVECTION (LREF MEAN ~35-40 KT),  
BUT CAPE WILL BE LIMITED COMPARED TO TODAY (PROBABLY TO LIKELY--60%  
OR GREATER CHANCES--OF BELOW 1000 J/KG SBCAPE). SEVERE WEATHER  
POTENTIAL IS ACCORDINGLY LIMITED, BUT WOULD NOT BE SURPRISED TO SEE  
ONE OR TWO STRONGER STORMS EMERGE.  
 
STRONG DEEP-LAYER Q-VECTOR DIVERGENCE ARRIVES SUNDAY NIGHT INTO  
MONDAY AS RIDGING NOSES INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS. LARGE-SCALE  
DESCENT COUPLED WITH BELOW NORMAL PWATS SHOULD BRING A SUNNY, DRY  
DAY TO START THE WEEK. RIDGE AXIS REMAINS TO OUR WEST TUESDAY AND  
WEDNESDAY, BRINGING NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT TO THE REGION. LOW-LEVEL  
RETURN FLOW WILL PROMOTE THETA-E ADVECTION OVER THE AREA TUESDAY AND  
WEDNESDAY, ALLOWING CAPE TO INCREASE. AS SUCH, DESPITE MODEST DEEP-  
LAYER SHEAR, POTENTIAL FOR ORGANIZED CONVECTION WILL INCREASE  
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, PARTICULARLY NEAR THE BLACK HILLS WHERE DAILY  
DIURNAL CONVERGENCE IS LIKELY. OUTSIDE OF THE BLACK HILLS,  
DEVELOPMENT OF CONVECTION WILL BE MORE CONTINGENT ON ANY UPSTREAM,  
CONVECTIVELY INDUCED WAVES CROSSING THE REGION. BEYOND WEDNESDAY,  
CONFIDENCE IN LARGE-SCALE PATTERN DECREASES SOMEWHAT OWING TO  
DIVERGING MODEL SOLUTIONS.  
 
 
   
AVIATION  
(FOR THE 06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z SATURDAY NIGHT)  
ISSUED AT 940 PM MDT FRI JUN 27 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS THROUGH SAT MORNING. ISOLD TS WILL BE POSSIBLE INVOF  
THE BH SAT AFTERNOON, WITH INCREASING TS ACTIVITY SAT NIGHT  
ACROSS MUCH OF THE AREA. LOCAL MVFR CONDS, HAIL, AND GUSTY WINDS  
POSSIBLE IN HEAVIER CELLS.  
 
 
   
UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
SD...NONE.  
WY...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION/KEY MESSAGES...SHERBURN  
AVIATION...JC  
CLICK HERE TO GO TO PREVIOUS BULLETINS.
The Nexlab SD Page
The Nexlab WY Page
Main Text Page