011  
FXUS63 KUNR 301102  
AFDUNR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR WESTERN SD AND NORTHEASTERN WY  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RAPID CITY SD  
502 AM MDT MON JUN 30 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- DRY AND SEASONABLE TODAY  
 
- HOT TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY, WITH ISOLATED AFTERNOON STORMS  
POSSIBLE  
 
- MORE WIDESPREAD STORMS POSSIBLE LATE THURSDAY INTO INDEPENDENCE  
DAY WEEKEND  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
(TODAY THROUGH SUNDAY)  
ISSUED AT 157 AM MDT MON JUN 30 2025  
 
WATER VAPOR IMAGERY TONIGHT SHOWS A SHARPENING SHORTWAVE TROF  
DIGGING THROUGH THE NORTH CENTRAL CONUS. THE AXIS OF THIS TROF IS  
EFFECTIVELY BISECTING THE AREA AT THIS HOUR. AS THE TROF SWINGS THRU  
THE REGION, AN ASSOCIATED UPPER-LEVEL JET STREAK IS DEPARTING TO THE  
SOUTHEAST. WITH JET FORCING AND DEEP MOISTURE CONVERGENCE WEAKENING,  
CONVECTION ACROSS OUR AREA HAS LARGELY DIMINISHED, WITH ONLY A FEW  
LINGERING SHOWERS/STORMS ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL SD. WATER VAPOR AND  
INFRARED IMAGERY HAVE CAPTURED THIS EVOLUTION WELL, WITH WIDESPREAD  
SUBSIDENCE/WARMING CLOUD TOPS NOTED IN THE LAST COUPLE OF HOURS.  
BEHIND THE WEAKENING CONVECTION, MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES AND FAIRLY LIGHT  
WINDS PREVAIL.  
 
STRONG Q-VECTOR DIVERGENCE REMAINS POISED TO OVERSPREAD THE AREA  
TODAY AS DEEP RIDGING BUILDS OVER THE ROCKIES AND BEGINS TO NOSE  
EASTWARD INTO THE PLAINS. ASSOCIATED SUBSIDENCE SHOULD TRANSLATE TO  
SUNNY SKIES. HIGH CONFIDENCE IN TEMPERATURES FALLING WITHIN A  
HANDFUL OF DEGREES OF CLIMO PER ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE.  
 
A TREND IN GUIDANCE OVER THE PAST 24 HOURS HAS BEEN TO SHOW SOME  
WEAKNESS IN THE RIDGING LATE TONIGHT, AND ESPECIALLY EARLY TUESDAY,  
AS A SUBTLE SHORTWAVE CROSSES THE REGION. THIS DOES NOT APPEAR TO  
APPRECIABLY IMPACT THE EXPANSION OF A LOW-LEVEL THERMAL RIDGE INTO  
THE REGION, SO HIGH TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES OF 5-10 F OR GREATER ARE  
PROBABLE TO LIKELY OVER AT LEAST THE WESTERN HALF OF THE AREA.  
HOWEVER, AN ASSOCIATED AREA OF Q-VECTOR DIVERGENCE ALOFT CROSSING  
THE NORTHERN ROCKIES/HIGH PLAINS MAY IMPACT THE POTENTIAL FOR  
ISOLATED CONVECTION TUESDAY AFTERNOON. GENERALLY, THE ENVIRONMENT  
FOR THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD BE IMPROVING TUESDAY COMPARED TO TODAY,  
WITH RETURN FLOW SUPPORTING ADVECTION OF 55 F OR HIGHER DEW POINTS  
OVER THE BLACK HILLS REGION AND MUCH OF WESTERN SD BELOW MIDLEVEL  
LAPSE RATES EXCEEDING 7 C/KM, BRINGING PROBABLE OR LIKELY SBCAPE  
VALUES OF 1000 J/KG OR GREATER BASED ON THE LATEST LREF. MARGINAL  
DEEP-LAYER SHEAR (25-35 KT) MAY LIMIT ORGANIZATION SOMEWHAT OUTSIDE  
OF LOCAL PERTURBATIONS NEAR THE BLACK HILLS. FOR NOW, CONTINUED TO  
PENCIL IN SOME SLIGHT CHANCES FOR STORMS OVER AND AROUND THE BLACK  
HILLS, BUT WE COULD VERY WELL STAY DRY AREAWIDE THRU TUESDAY  
AFTERNOON GIVEN THE LARGE-SCALE SUBSIDENCE. LATER IN THE EVENING AND  
DURING THE OVERNIGHT, ONCE SUBSIDENCE DEPARTS THE REGION, CONTINUED  
LOW-LEVEL THETA-E ADVECTION AND CONVERGENCE OWING TO A LOW-LEVEL JET  
MAY SUPPORT CONVECTIVE INITIATION ACROSS WESTERN/CENTRAL SD.  
 
THE DEEP RIDGE SHIFTS EASTWARD WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY, WITH ITS AXIS  
OVERHEAD BY THURSDAY MORNING. LOW-LEVEL THERMAL RIDGE ALSO CONTINUES  
TO EXPAND EASTWARD, WITH 850 MB TEMPS OF 25-30 F OR HIGHER BECOMING  
VERY LIKELY ACROSS MOST OF THE AREA BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON. AT THE  
SURFACE, THIS WILL TRANSLATE TO LIKELY TO DEFINITE (70-90%+  
PROBABILITIES PER NBM) HIGHS IN THE 90S ON WEDNESDAY AND AT LEAST  
THE 90S ON THURSDAY. MANY LOCATIONS ON THE WEST CENTRAL SD PLAINS  
WILL PROBABLY OR LIKELY (60-90% PROBABILITIES) REACH TRIPLE DIGITS  
BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON. ON WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, BEST CONVECTIVE  
ENVIRONMENT SHIFTS NORTHWARD ACROSS NORTHWESTERN SD, WHERE MIDLEVEL  
LAPSE RATES STEEPEN TO ~7.5 C/KM, DEW POINTS INCREASE TO ~60 F, AND  
DEEP-LAYER SHEAR MODESTLY INCREASES. FARTHER SOUTHWEST, DEEPER, WELL-  
MIXED BOUNDARY LAYERS WILL LIMIT MOISTURE AVAILABILITY. RISING  
HEIGHTS AREAWIDE ON WEDNESDAY MAY AGAIN LIMIT CONVECTIVE INITIATION.  
 
BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING, THE RIDGE AXIS SHIFTS EAST OF OUR  
AREA. FALLING HEIGHTS MAY BE MORE SUPPORTIVE OF THUNDERSTORM  
DEVELOPMENT NEAR AND UPSTREAM OF THE AREA. IN FACT, A PRONOUNCED  
REGION OF Q-VECTOR CONVERGENCE OVERSPREADS THE AREA LATE THURSDAY  
THROUGH AT LEAST THE FIRST HALF OF FRIDAY, WHICH COULD MAKE FOR AN  
ACTIVE THURSDAY THRU FRIDAY MORNING. DETAILS ARE OBVIOUSLY SENSITIVE  
TO POORLY RESOLVED FACTORS AT THIS LEAD TIME, SO WILL LEAVE FURTHER  
DISCUSSION ON STORM/SEVERE POTENTIAL FOR LATER DISCUSSIONS.  
 

 
   
AVIATION
 
(FOR THE 12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z TUESDAY MORNING)  
ISSUED AT 502 AM MDT MON JUN 30 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS SHOULD PREVAIL THRU THE PERIOD. BREEZY NW WINDS MAY  
DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON OVER PORTIONS OF THE NORTHWESTERN AND SOUTH  
CENTRAL SD PLAINS, WITH SOME GUSTS TO AROUND 25-30 KT.  
 

 
   
UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
SD...NONE.  
WY...NONE.  

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION/KEY MESSAGES...SHERBURN  
AVIATION...SHERBURN  
 
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