977  
FXHW60 PHFO 190219  
AFDHFO  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HONOLULU HI  
419 PM HST TUE NOV 18 2025  
   
SYNOPSIS  
 
DEEP TROPICAL MOISTURE WILL CONTINUE TO STREAM OVER THE EASTERN  
END OF THE STATE THROUGH WEDNESDAY. THIS MOISTURE WILL INTERACT  
WITH A SURFACE TROUGH TO BRING PERIODS OF HEAVY SHOWERS THROUGH  
WEDNESDAY, ESPECIALLY FOR WINDWARD PORTIONS OF MAUI AND THE BIG  
ISLAND. THE CHANCE OF HEAVY RAINFALL DIMINISHES LATE WEDNESDAY  
INTO THURSDAY, BUT BREEZY AND SHOWERY TRADES WILL PERSIST. A BRIEF  
PERIOD OF STABLE AND DRIER TRADE WIND CONDITIONS IS EXPECTED ON  
FRIDAY, FOLLOWED BY MORE SHOWERY WEATHER INTO THE WEEKEND AS A  
COLD FRONT ADVANCES TOWARD THE ISLAND CHAIN.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY CONTINUES TO SHOW THICK MID TO UPPER  
LEVEL CLOUDS STREAMING IN FROM THE SOUTHWEST OVER THE BIG ISLAND  
THIS AFTERNOON, WITH PWATS NEAR 2.0 INCHES. MEANWHILE, THE LATEST  
SURFACE ANALYSIS DEPICTS A SURFACE TROUGH SOUTHEAST OF THE BIG  
ISLAND MOVING TOWARDS THE WEST. GUIDANCE ALSO CONTINUES TO SHOW  
AN UPPER LEVEL TROUGH NORTHWEST OF THE ISLAND DEEPENING TONIGHT AS  
IT MOVES EAST WHICH WILL KEEP UNSTABLE CONDITIONS ACROSS THE AREA.  
EXPECT THESE TROUGHS TO CONTINUE TO INTERACT WITH THE DEEP  
TROPICAL MOISTURE MOVING ACROSS THE BIG ISLAND TO BRING PERIODS  
OF HEAVY SHOWERS TO THE AREA. THE LATEST GUIDANCE CONTINUES TO  
SHOW THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN ACROSS THE BIG ISLAND WILL  
CONTINUE THROUGH WEDNESDAY, BUT TOTAL ACCUMULATIONS ARE NOW ON THE  
LOWER SIDE AS GUIDANCE HAS STARTED TO BACK OFF. NONETHELESS, SOME  
LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN REMAINS POSSIBLE AND COULD PRODUCE NUISANCE  
FLOODING IN THE TYPICAL AREAS WITH 1 TO 2 INCHES OF RAIN EXPECTED  
ACROSS WINDWARD AREAS OF THE BIG ISLAND. ANY POTENTIAL THREAT FOR  
HEAVY RAIN WILL DECREASE LATE WEDNESDAY.  
 
THE THICK CLOUDS OVER THE BIG ISLAND SUMMITS PRODUCED SOME LIGHT  
SNOW ACCUMULATIONS LAST NIGHT, WITH PRECIPITATION QUICKLY  
TRANSITIONING TO RAIN THIS AFTERNOON. EXPECT PRECIPITATION TO  
BECOME A MIX OF RAIN AND SNOW OVERNIGHT AS SNOW LEVELS FALL TO  
AROUND 12,000 FEET. GUIDANCE DOESN'T SHOW MUCH CHANGE IN SUMMIT  
CONDITIONS ON WEDNESDAY WITH AN ADDITIONAL 1 TO 2 INCHES OF SNOW  
POSSIBLE SO DECIDED TO EXTEND THE CURRENT WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY  
THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING.  
 
AS FOR THE REST OF THE STATE, WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS A SMALL  
DRY AIR SLOT FILLING IN WHICH EXPLAINS THE LACK OF CLOUDS OVER  
THE SMALLER ISLANDS. RADAR IMAGERY THIS AFTERNOON SHOW MAINLY  
SCATTERED WINDWARD AND MAUKA SHOWERS MOVING ACROSS THE SMALLER  
ISLANDS. MODERATE TRADES WILL CONTINUE ACROSS THESE AREAS AS HIGH  
PRESSURE BUILDS FAR NORTH OF THE REGION.  
 
BREEZY AND WET CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED INTO THURSDAY. THE STRONG  
SURFACE HIGH PASSING TO THE NORTH WILL MAINTAIN BREEZY TRADE  
WINDS, AND EVEN THOUGH PWATS WILL BE DECREASING, BOTH THE GFS AND  
ECMWF KEEP ABUNDANT MOISTURE AROUND THE ISLANDS, POINTING TO A  
RATHER WET PATTERN.  
 
A BRIEF PERIOD OF STABLE AND DRIER TRADE WIND CONDITIONS IS  
EXPECTED ON FRIDAY, FOLLOWED BY THE POTENTIAL FOR MORE SHOWERY  
WEATHER INTO THE WEEKEND AND EARLY NEXT WEEK AS A COLD FRONT  
APPROACHES THE ISLAND CHAIN. ONCE AGAIN MODELS VARY ON TIMING AND  
LOCATION SO PLEASE PAY ATTENTION FOR FURTHER UPDATES.  
 
 
   
AVIATION  
 
TRADE WINDS EXPECTED TO STRENGTHEN BY WEDNESDAY. LAYERED CLOUDS  
OVER THE BIG ISLAND WILL BRING LIGHT ICING FROM 140-FL260 INTO  
WEDNESDAY. AIRMET TANGO POSTED FOR TEMPO MODERATE TURBULENCE  
BETWEEN FL250 AND FL400 ALL ISLANDS. AIRMET TANGO WILL LIKELY BE  
DROPPED TONIGHT AS GUIDANCE SUGGEST A DECREASE IN TURBULENCE.  
 
SHOWERS EXPECTED TO INCREASE TONIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY AS TRADES  
BUILD. AIRMET SIERRA LIKELY TO BE ISSUED FOR TEMPO MOUNTAIN  
OBSCURATIONS LATER TONIGHT FOR SOME WINDWARD AREAS, PARTICULARLY  
THE EASTERN HALF OF THE STATE.  
 
 
   
MARINE  
 
MODERATE TRADE WINDS WILL STEADILY INCREASE OVER THE NEXT 24  
HOURS. LOCAL TRADE WINDS ARE NEAR A MINIMUM THIS AFTERNOON AS A  
FRONT, CURRENTLY JUST BEYOND THE OFFSHORE WATERS 240 NM NORTHWEST  
OF KAUAI, HAS ERODED AND PUSHED THE SUBTROPICAL RIDGE TO THE EAST.  
THE WEAKENING FRONT IS NOT EXPECTED TO PUSH MUCH FARTHER EAST,  
AND NORTHEAST WINDS ARE ALREADY BEGINNING TO INCREASE AT NOAA BUOY  
51001 AS ROBUST SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE BEHIND THE FRONT IS  
STARTING TO EXERT INFLUENCE. AS THE FRONT DISSIPATES AND THE  
SURFACE HIGH MOVES NORTH OF THE STATE TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY,  
EXPECT TRADE WINDS TO RAMP UP, EVENTUALLY REACHING NEAR GALE  
STRENGTH IN THE ALENUIHAHA CHANNEL. A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY (SCA)  
HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR THE TYPICALLY WINDY WATERS AROUND THE BIG  
ISLAND AND MAUI TONIGHT AND EXPANDS TO COVER ALL WATERS FOR  
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY AS TRADES RAPIDLY BUILD. THE HIGH WILL BE  
PUSHED TO THE EAST BY A NORTH PACIFIC FRONT LATE THURSDAY AND  
FRIDAY, LEADING TO A GRADUAL DECLINE IN THE TRADES. TRADES MAY  
DECLINE FURTHER THIS WEEKEND AS THE FRONT PASSES NORTH OF THE  
ISLANDS.  
 
A SMALL NORTHWEST SWELL PEAKING THIS EVENING WILL BE OVERWHELMED  
BY A LARGER NORTHWEST TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY. THE FIRST SWELL IS  
UP TO 2 TO 3 FEET AT 17 SECONDS AT THE PACIOOS WAIMEA BAY BUOY  
THIS AFTERNOON, WHILE NOAA BUOY 51001 IS MEASURING THE LARGER  
SWELL AROUND 5 TO 6 FEET AT 14 TO 15 SECONDS. THE LARGER SWELL  
WILL PRODUCE INCREASING SURF TONIGHT ALONG EXPOSED NORTH AND WEST  
SHOWERS FROM KAUAI TO MAUI, WITH WAVES PEAKING AROUND HIGH SURF  
ADVISORY LEVELS ON WEDNESDAY AS THE SWELL SHIFTS OUT OF THE NORTH-  
NORTHWEST (330 DEGREES). WE HAVE HELD OFF ON ISSUING AN ADVISORY  
FOR NOW AND WILL WAIT FOR ADDITIONAL DATA FROM BUOY 51001. THE  
NORTHWEST SWELL WILL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A SMALL TO MODERATE SHORT  
PERIOD NORTH SWELL AIMED PRIMARILY WEST OF KAUAI, WHILE BUILDING  
TRADES PRODUCE INCREASED WIND WAVES. THE COMBINED SEAS FROM ALL OF  
THESE SOURCES WILL BE IN EXCESS OF 10 FEET THAT WILL CONTRIBUTE  
TO THE NEED FOR THE SCA. THE NORTH-NORTHWEST SWELL WILL GRADUALLY  
DECLINE THURSDAY AND FRIDAY, WITH ANOTHER NORTHWEST SWELL PUSHING  
SURF BACK NEAR THE ADVISORY LEVEL SATURDAY.  
 
EAST SHORE SURF WILL BE ON THE RISE WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY,  
PRIMARILY FROM INCREASED SHORT PERIOD TRADE WIND SWELL, THOUGH  
THE WESTERN END OF THE ISLAND CHAIN COULD ALSO EXPERIENCE A BRIEF  
SHORT PERIOD NORTH (350-010 DEGREES) SWELL OF 3 TO 6 FEET AT 10  
SECONDS. AS MENTIONED ABOVE, THIS NORTH SWELL WILL BE PRIMARILY  
AIMED WEST OF KAUAI, BUT SOME WRAPPING ENERGY COULD PUSH EAST  
SHORES OF KAUAI NEAR THE HIGH SURF ADVISORY LEVEL WEDNESDAY. THE  
NORTH SWELL WILL RAPIDLY FADE ON THURSDAY, WHEN PEAKING TRADE  
WIND SWELL WILL PRODUCE SURF JUST BELOW THE ADVISORY LEVEL ON  
EAST SHORES OF ALL ISLANDS. EAST SHORE SURF WILL DECLINE THROUGH  
THE WEEKEND AS TRADES WEAKEN OVER AND UPSTREAM OF THE ISLANDS.  
 
FOR SOUTH SHORES, TINY BACKGROUND SOUTH SWELL ENERGY WILL  
PERSIST.  
 
 
   
FIRE WEATHER  
 
CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH THE FORECAST  
PERIOD. GUSTY TRADES CONTINUE THROUGH WEDNESDAY, WITH MODERATE  
TRADES EXPECTED THEREAFTER. INCOMING MOISTURE WILL KEEP RELATIVE  
HUMIDITIES ABOVE CRITICAL THRESHOLDS. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN  
REMAIN POSSIBLE OVER THE BIG ISLAND THROUGH WEDNESDAY.  
 
 
   
HFO WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 6 PM HST WEDNESDAY FOR BIG ISLAND  
SUMMITS.  
 
SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM 6 AM WEDNESDAY TO 6 PM HST THURSDAY  
FOR KAUAI NORTHWEST WATERS-KAUAI WINDWARD WATERS-KAUAI LEEWARD  
WATERS-KAUAI CHANNEL-OAHU WINDWARD WATERS-OAHU LEEWARD WATERS-  
KAIWI CHANNEL-MAUI COUNTY WINDWARD WATERS-MAUI COUNTY LEEWARD  
WATERS-BIG ISLAND WINDWARD WATERS.  
 
SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 6 PM HST THURSDAY FOR MAALAEA BAY-  
PAILOLO CHANNEL-ALENUIHAHA CHANNEL-BIG ISLAND LEEWARD WATERS-BIG  
ISLAND SOUTHEAST WATERS.  
 
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION...AHUE  
AVIATION...FOSTER  
MARINE...WROE  
FIRE WEATHER...AHUE  
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