995  
FZUS81 KCLE 200101  
ICEGL  
 
GREAT LAKES FREEZE-UP OUTLOOK  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH  
759 PM EST WED NOV 19 2025  
 
...GREAT LAKES ICE SEASON FOR 2025-2026 EXPECTED TO BE NEAR AVERAGE  
ICE COVER...  
 
FOR THIS 2ND OUTLOOK, THERE ARE TWO IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE  
FORECAST TO LOOK AT. FIRST, THE COLDER PERIOD THAT INFILTRATED THE  
GREAT LAKES A LITTLE OVER A WEEK AGO, AND THE SECOND BEING AN  
EXPECTED SIGNIFICANT PATTERN CHANGE THAT COULD RESULT IN A COLDER  
PERIOD FOR THE END OF NOVEMBER AND INTO THE FIRST PART OF DECEMBER,  
RESULTING IN ANOTHER BOUT OF HEAT LOSS FROM THE LAKES.  
 
FROM OUR COLLEAGUES AT THE CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER, THERE IS  
INCREASING CONFIDENCE IN COLDER THAN NORMAL TEMPERATURES SET FOR THE  
NORTH CENTRAL SECTION OF THE COUNTRY THAT WILL SPREAD EASTWARD INTO  
THE GREAT LAKES OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS. PER THE CPC, THIS IS  
A COMBINATION OF THE CURRENT WEAK LA NINA PHASE, THE CURRENT/FUTURE  
PHASES OF THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION, AND AN EVENT IN THE UPPER  
PORTIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE CALLED THE STRATOSPHERE WHERE THERE IS  
WARMING THAT WILL BE OCCURRING. THIS STRATOSPHERIC WARMING WEAKENS  
THE TROPOSPHERIC (THE PORTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE OUR SENSIBLE  
WEATHER OCCURS AND LIES BELOW THE STRATOSPHERE) POLAR JET STREAM AND  
ALLOWS COLDER AIRMASSES TO MORE EASILY SPILL SOUTHWARD FROM THE  
ARCTIC. OPERATIONAL LONG TERM MODELS AND THE ENSEMBLES ARE NOW  
SHOWING SIGNS OF THIS COLDER PATTERN COMING TO FRUITION JUST AHEAD  
OF THE LONG THANKSGIVING WEEKEND. THE OTHER ASPECT OF THIS COLDER  
PATTERN IS THAT THESE MODELS/ENSEMBLES ARE INDICATING THAT THIS  
COULD BE A PROLONGED PERIOD WHERE THESE AIRMASSES WILL BE COLDER  
THAN NORMAL, ESPECIALLY FOR THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES, WELL INTO THE  
FIRST PART OF DECEMBER. PORTIONS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES COULD  
BE BELOW FREEZING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME.  
 
TAKING A LOOK AT THE GREAT LAKES SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURES...AS  
MENTIONED EARLIER, THE COLDER AIR THAT AFFECTED THE GREAT LAKES A  
WEEK AND A HALF AGO WAS EFFECTIVE IN REMOVAL OF HEAT FROM THE  
WATERS. THE LAKES WENT FROM 2-4 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ABOVE NORMAL TO  
NEAR NORMAL FOR LAKE ERIE, AND 1-2 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ABOVE NORMAL  
FOR LAKES MICHIGAN, HURON, AND SUPERIOR. FOR LAKE ERIE, WATER  
TEMPERATURES IN THE WESTERN BASIN ARE IN THE LOW TO MID 40S, WHILE  
THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN BASINS ARE IN THE UPPER 40S TO LOWER 50S.  
LAKE HURON SITS IN THE UPPER 40S TO AROUND 50F FOR THE SOUTHERN HALF  
OF THE LAKE WHILE THE NORTHERN HALF IS IN THE MID 40S. LAKE MICHIGAN  
REMAINS IN THE LOWER 50S FOR THE SOUTHERN HALF, AND UPPER 40S FOR  
THE NORTHERN HALF. LAKE SUPERIOR IS LARGELY IN THE MID 40S ACROSS  
THE MAJORITY OF THE LAKE, WITH WHITEFISH BAY IN THE UPPER 40S.  
 
THERE ARE SOME SIGNIFICANT SIGNS OF COOLING HOWEVER. THERE ARE  
POCKETS OF WATER TEMPERATURES IN THE 30S IN THE NORTHERN LAKES IN  
SOME OF THE SMALLER BAYS AND INLETS ACROSS LAKE SUPERIOR AND  
NORTHERN LAKE HURON. GREEN BAY IS ALSO SHOWING NEARSHORE WATERS IN  
THE 30S IN PLACES AS WELL, AND ALSO IN LITTLE AND BIG BAY DE NOC.  
SAGINAW BAY IS SIGNIFICANTLY COLDER THAN THE REST OF LAKE HURON WITH  
TEMPERATURES IN THE UPPER 30S TO 40F.  
 
WITH THIS FORECASTED COLDER AIR ARRIVING LATE NEXT WEEK, EXPECTING  
THE WATER TEMPERATURES TO DROP FURTHER, LIKELY ERASING THE ORIGINAL  
THOUGHTS THAT THERE COULD BE A DELAY TO OVERALL SIGNIFICANT ICE  
FORMATION FOR THE SEASON, HOWEVER THE REMAINDER OF DECEMBER WILL  
HAVE SOMETHING TO SAY ABOUT THIS. THAT SAID, NO SIGNIFICANT ICE  
FORMATION IS EXPECTED IN THE NEXT TWO WEEK PERIOD UNTIL THE NEXT  
FREEZE UP OUTLOOK COMES OUT IN EARLY DECEMBER, BUT DEFINITELY COULD  
SEE SOME MINOR ICE FORMATION OCCURRING IN SOME OF THE AFOREMENTIONED  
SMALLER BAYS AND INLETS ACROSS THE NORTHERN HALF OF THE GREAT LAKES.  
NEARSHORE/SHALLOW AREA SKIM ICE CANNOT BE RULED OUT EITHER WHERE  
WATER TEMPERATURES MENTIONED ABOVE ARE ALREADY IN THE 30S. OPEN  
WATERS SHOULD REMAIN ICE-FREE THROUGH THE END OF THE MONTH.  
 
ICE FORMATION IS DETERMINED BY TWO FACTORS: THE AMOUNT OF HEAT  
STORED IN THE WATER FROM THE SUMMER AND HOW FAST THAT HEAT CAN BE  
REMOVED BY ARCTIC OUTBREAKS OF POLAR/ARCTIC AIR AND HIGH WINDS. LONG  
RANGE OUTLOOKS DO NOT CONSIDER THE "STORMINESS" FACTOR WHICH CAN  
SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER THE THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE LAKES OVER SHORT  
PERIODS OF TIME.  
 
FREEZING DEGREE DAY ACCUMULATIONS AT SELECTED STATIONS  
COMPARED TO NORMAL CALCULATED ON TUE NOV 18:  
 
LOCATION DATE NORMAL CURRENT  
----------------------------------------  
 
DULUTH, MN NOV 17 10 5  
MARQUETTE, MI NOV 17 6 14  
SAU_S_MAR, MI NOV 17 0 0  
GREENBAY, WI NOV 17 0 0  
MILWAUKEE, WI NOV 17 0 0  
CHICAGO, IL NOV 17 0 0  
MUSKEGON, MI NOV 17 0 0  
ALPENA, MI NOV 17 0 0  
DETROIT, MI NOV 17 0 0  
TOLEDO, OH NOV 17 0 0  
CLEVELAND, OH NOV 17 0 0  
BUFFALO, NY NOV 17 0 0  
 
 
NORMAL TEMPS FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS AROUND THE  
GREAT LAKES FOR TUE NOV 18  
 
LOCATION HIGH LOW  
----------------------------------------------  
 
DULUTH,MN 31 18  
MARQUETTE,MI 34 23  
GREENBAY,WI 39 23  
MILWAUKEE,WI 43 30  
CHICAGO,IL 44 29  
MUSKEGON,MI 43 29  
ALPENA,MI 40 25  
DETROIT,MI 45 31  
TOLEDO,OH 45 30  
CLEVELAND,OH 46 33  
BUFFALO,NY 44 32  
 
THE NEXT FREEZE-UP OUTLOOK WILL BE ISSUED IN APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS.  
 
 
 
MARSALEK  
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