440  
FXUS63 KUNR 311102  
AFDUNR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR WESTERN SD AND NORTHEASTERN WY  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RAPID CITY SD  
502 AM MDT FRI JUL 31 2026  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING  
ACROSS NORTHEAST WYOMING AND FAR WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA.  
 
- VERY HOT WEATHER RETURNS FOR THE WEEKEND WITH THE HOTTEST DAY  
SUNDAY.  
 
- ELEVATED (SATURDAY) TO CRITICAL (SUNDAY) FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS  
EXPECTED THIS WEEKEND.  
 

 
   
UPDATE
 
 
ISSUED AT 1033 PM MDT THU JUL 30 2026  
 
INTRODUCED LIGHT POPS FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF NORTHEAST WYOMING AND THE BLACK HILLS, AS THE 00Z HREF SUITE OF  
CAMS IS FINALLY COMING INTO BETTER AGREEMENT ON POTENTIAL  
PLACEMENT AND TIMING OF ISOLATED STORMS COMPARED TO SIGNIFICANT  
DISAGREEMENTS NOTED IN PREVIOUS RUNS. COVERAGE DOES NOT LOOK TO  
REACH SCATTERED AT THIS TIME, AND MOST OF THE REGION WILL REMAIN  
DRY. ALSO EVALUATED FIRE WEATHER POTENTIAL AND HEAT FOR THIS  
WEEKEND...SATURDAY CONTINUES TO LOOK NEAR-CRITICAL FOR FIRE  
WEATHER WITH PORTIONS OF OUR CENTRAL PLAINS EAST OF RAPID CITY  
GETTING THE CLOSEST TO RED FLAG CRITERIA. OVERLAP OF CRITICAL RHS  
AND WINDS EXPANDS FOR SUNDAY, WHICH CONTINUES TO LOOK LIKE THE  
MORE CONCERNING DAY (COUPLED WITH THE HOTTEST TEMPERATURES AS  
WELL). AS FOR THE HEAT...LATEST FORECAST CONTINUES TO ADVERTISE  
100-107 DEGF TEMPS BY SUNDAY PER THE NBM (AND GFS/ECMWF ENSEMBLE  
METEOGRAMS DON'T CURRENTLY SUPPORT MAKING ANY DEVIATIONS FROM THE  
BLEND), BUT HEAT INDEX VALUES ARE HOLDING JUST SLIGHTLY COOLER,  
WHICH REDUCES OUR CONFIDENCE IN THE NEED FOR ANY WATCHES AT THIS  
EARLY JUNCTURE OR EVENTUAL WARNINGS/ADVISORIES. IT'S CERTAINLY  
POSSIBLE THAT A HEAT ADVISORY MAY EVENTUALLY BE NEEDED FOR  
PORTIONS OF THE CWA SUNDAY, BUT WE'LL CONTINUE TO MONITOR THE  
LATEST GUIDANCE AND TRENDS. DRY CONDITIONS REMAIN EXPECTED FOR THE  
WEEKEND.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
(THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH WEDNESDAY)  
ISSUED AT 1105 AM MDT THU JUL 30 2026  
 
16Z SURFACE ANALYSIS HAD WEAK LOW OVER THE NE PANHANDLE WITH A  
BOUNDARY INTO CENTRAL SD PER 0.5KM 1-MINUTE VISIBLE SATELLITE  
LOOP. COLD FRONT WAS LOCATED FROM WESTERN ND INTO WESTERN WY.  
WATER VAPOUR LOOP HAD SHORTWAVE TROUGH OVER NORTHERN WY WITH 80KT  
JET STREAK. THESE FEATURES STARTING TO FORCE CU/TCU/TS ALONG THE  
SURFACE BOUNDARY WITH EVIDENCE OF DECENT LIFT AHEAD OF THE  
SHORTWAVE OVER NORTHEASTERN WY/EASTERN MT. CONCERN THIS  
AFTERNOON/EVENING IS SEVERE WEATHER.  
 
THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING, SHORTWAVE TROUGH MOVES EAST AS  
CONVERGENCE ALONG THE SURFACE BOUNDARIES INCREASE. MID-LEVEL FLOW  
INCREASES EFFECTIVE SHEAR TO 25-35KTS WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS  
OVER CENTRAL SD. STRONG BUOYANCY WILL DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON,  
ESPECIALLY EAST OF THE BLACK HILLS. INITIAL STORM MODE MAY BE  
CELLULAR WITH LARGE HAIL POTENTIAL, BUT THE TREND WILL BE TOWARD  
SEVERE CLUSTERS/LINEAR SEVERE CONVECTION AS STORM COLD POOLS  
CONGEAL. PRIMARY THREAT WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS GUSTS (70+ MPH).  
LOOKING FOR A FAIRLY EARLY START THIS AFTERNOON WITH CAMS FOCUSING  
ON THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS AND CENTRAL SD THIS AFTERNOON  
AND THEN LEMMON TO WINNER BY EVENING AS THE MAIN SHORTWAVE WRAPS  
THROUGH THE CWA. PWATS WILL BE 150-200% OF NORMAL EAST OF THE  
BLACK HILLS, SO LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN AND POTENTIAL FLASH FLOODING  
MAY OCCUR. ACTIVITY WANES OVERNIGHT. TEMPERATURES WILL BE NEAR  
GUIDANCE.  
 
A WEAK SHORTWAVE MOVES THROUGH FRIDAY, BUT DRIER AIR WILL BE  
FILTERING INTO THE CWA, SO POPS SHOULD BE LIMITED TO OUR HIGHER  
TERRAIN AREAS.  
 
HOT TO VERY HOT WEATHER RETURNS FOR THE WEEKEND WITH THE  
PREPONDERANCE OF ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE GIVING HIGHS NEAR 110F FOR SOME  
FOLKS SUNDAY. MUCH DRIER AIR IN PLACE, SO THUNDERSTORM CHANCES  
WILL BE UNMENTIONABLE. COOLER WEATHER RETURNS MONDAY WITH ACTUAL  
"COOL" AIR IN PLACE FOR THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK PER FLATTENING  
UPPER RIDGE AND WEST/NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT FOR THE NORTHERN PLAINS.  
 

 
   
AVIATION
 
(FOR THE 12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z SATURDAY MORNING)  
ISSUED AT 500 AM MDT FRI JUL 31 2026  
 
VFR CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH THE TAF PERIOD. SOME  
POTENTIAL FOR ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS EXISTS DURING THE AFTERNOON  
AND EARLY EVENING, GENERALLY OVER NE WY INTO FAR WESTERN SD.  
 

 
   
FIRE WEATHER
 
 
ISSUED AT 1105 AM MDT THU JUL 30 2026  
 
STRONG/SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING  
WITH STRONG GUSTY, ERRATIC WINDS AS THE PRIMARY THREAT. ELEVATED  
(SATURDAY) TO CRITICAL (SUNDAY) FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE  
EXPECTED THIS WEEKEND. MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITY WILL DROP INTO  
THE UPPER SINGLE DIGITS/TEENS SATURDAY IN THE WEST AND SUNDAY OVER  
MUCH OF THE AREA. WINDS SATURDAY WILL BE MARGINALLY GUSTY FOR  
CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER, BUT SHOULD BE MORE ROBUST ON SUNDAY PER  
VERY DEEP BOUNDARY LAYER MIXING.  
 

 
   
UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
SD...NONE.  
WY...NONE.  

 
 

 
 
UPDATE...KSMITH  
DISCUSSION...HELGESON  
AVIATION...13  
FIRE WEATHER...HELGESON  
 
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