540  
FXUS61 KBTV 140025  
AFDBTV  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BURLINGTON VT  
825 PM EDT TUE OCT 13 2026  
   
WHAT HAS CHANGED  
 
AS OF 823 PM EDT TUESDAY...UPDATED TO INCREASE PRECIP AMOUNTS  
OVER ESSEX COUNTY, NY, FINE TUNE POPS TO MATCH LATEST RADAR  
TRENDS, PLACED DRIZZLE IN GRIDS AFTER 06Z, AND INCREASED CLOUD  
COVER INTO WEDS AFTERNOON.  
 
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
AS OF 322 PM EDT TUESDAY...  
 
1. WIDESPREAD BENEFICIAL RAIN, ALONG WITH A CHANCE OF  
THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING, WILL TAPER OFF OVERNIGHT. MODEST RISES  
ON AREA RIVERS ARE EXPECTED WITH NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS.  
 
2. PERIODS OF BREEZY WINDS ARE EXPECTED OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF  
DAYS, RESULTING IN APPARENT TEMPERATURES AS LOW AS THE MID 20S AND  
30S BY LATE WEEK.  
 
3. A SHARP COLD FRONT FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY WITH BRING  
SHARPLY COOLER TEMPERATURES INTO THE WEEKEND WITH CONTINUED GUSTY  
WINDS AND SCATTERED TERRAIN SNOW SHOWERS. ANYONE WITH OUTDOOR PLANS  
FOR THE UPCOMING WEEKEND SHOULD MONITOR THE FORECAST CLOSELY.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
AS OF 238 PM EDT TUESDAY...  
 
KEY MESSAGE 1: A QUASI-STATIONARY FRONT HAS WITH CONTINUOUS  
MOISTURE CONVERGENCE AND LOW LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS ON ITS NORTHERN  
FLANK HAS BROUGHT US QUITE A BIT OF WELCOMED RAINFALL. AS OF  
THIS WRITING, UNIFORM AMOUNTS JUST OVER 1.5" HAS BEEN OBSERVED  
ACROSS NORTHERN PORTIONS OF NORTHERN NEW YORK AND NORTHWESTERN  
VERMONT, TAPERING TO CLOSER TO 1" A BIT FARTHER SOUTH. OVERALL,  
AMOUNTS THROUGH TONIGHT SHOULD RANGE WIDELY AS HEAVIEST RAINFALL  
WILL EXCEED 2" AND LIGHTEST AMOUNTS IN SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF  
VERMONT WILL BE MORE LIKE 0.5".  
 
A PLUME OF ELEVATED CONVECTION OVER SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO IS  
EXTENDING EASTWARD AND WILL BE THE FOCUS OF HEAVIER RAIN THROUGH  
THIS EVENING AS IT CROSSES THE MIDDLE OF THE FORECAST AREA. THIS  
IS A NARROW AXIS SO IT IS HARD TO PIN DOWN EXACTLY WHERE IT WILL  
TRACK, BUT RADAR TRENDS SUGGEST IT WILL BE ROUGHLY ACROSS THE  
CENTRAL PART OF OUR REGION. HOWEVER, LARGE SCALE LIFT DUE TO  
THE AFOREMENTIONED FRONT WILL KEEP ENHANCING RAINFALL REGARDLESS  
OF INSTABILITY, WHICH SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT FOR BROAD COVERAGE  
OF THUNDERSTORMS. MOST UNSTABLE CAPE WILL LIKELY APPROACH 500  
J/KG AS VERY WARM AND MOIST AIR TO THE SOUTH OF THE BOUNDARY  
CONTINUES ADVECTING IN AHEAD OF THE SYSTEM'S COLD FRONT STILL  
WELL TO OUR WEST. FORECAST SOUNDINGS SHOW THE GREATEST  
INSTABILITY MAY BE IN THE HAIL CAPE LAYER, SUPPORTING  
POSSIBILITY OF SMALL HAIL BUT OTHERWISE RUMBLES OF THUNDER AND  
ADDITIONAL DOWNPOURS CAN BE EXPECTED TONIGHT.  
 
BECAUSE OF EXTENDED LONG TERM DRY WEATHER, MUCH OF TODAY'S RAIN  
IS BEING ABSORBED BY THE SOIL. HOWEVER, ENOUGH RUNOFF IS  
EXPECTED TO LEAD TO SOME SMALL RISES IN AREA RIVERS AND STREAMS.  
FLASHIER BASINS SUCH AS THE MAD RIVER HAS ALREADY SEEN SOME  
RESPONSE TODAY, BUT NO ADVERSE IMPACTS ARE EXPECTED.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 2: FOLLOWING A COUPLE DAYS OF QUIET WEATHER WITH  
ABUNDANT CLOUD COVER BUT LITTLE IF ANY RAIN, ANOTHER CERTAIN  
RAINFALL EVENT IS ON THE WAY FOR FRIDAY. MODEL AGREEMENT IS  
EXCEPTIONAL FOR A LARGE SWATH OF RAIN TO OVERSPREAD THE REGION  
DURING THE MORNING OUT AHEAD OF A STRENGTHENING LOW PRESSURE  
SYSTEM. A VIGOROUS SHORTWAVE WILL DIG OVER THE WESTERN GREAT  
LAKES, MERGING WITH A FRONTAL SYSTEM OVER THE MIDWEST TO HELP  
INTENSIFY LOW PRESSURE TO OUR WEST. THIS STORM WILL RAPIDLY  
MOVE NORTHEASTWARD, PASSING NEAR OR RIGHT OVER OUR REGION (MOST  
LIKELY ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY) FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND  
CROSSING INTO NORTHERN MAINE FRIDAY EVENING. THE ECMWF EXTREME  
FORECAST INDEX IS LESS EXCITED ABOUT RAINFALL AMOUNTS COMPARED  
TO THE CURRENT EVENT, BUT STILL SHOWS A SIGNAL TOWARDS  
SUBSTANTIAL RAINFALL. THE LATEST BLEND OF MODELS SHOWS STORM  
TOTALS LARGELY IN THE 0.6" TO 1" RANGE THROUGH FRIDAY EVENING.  
 
PRECIPITATION MAY BE IMPACTED BY SOME OUR TOPOGRAPHY. A STRONG  
SOUTHWESTERLY LOW LEVEL JET WILL PRODUCE DOWNSLOPING IN THE  
NORTHERN CHAMPLAIN VALLEY, WHILE OUR WESTERN SLOPES HAVE A  
LITTLE BIT OF A BOOST IN RAINFALL AMOUNTS. THE NEAR SURFACE  
WINDS WILL ALSO LIKELY BE STRONG OUT OF THE SOUTH WITH SOME  
SIMILARITIES TO TODAY WHERE ONGOING RAIN WILL LIMIT MIXING,  
WHILE ANY BREAKS IN PRECIPITATION SHOULD SUPPORT SEASONABLY  
STRONG (30-40 MPH) LOCALIZED GUSTS. AT THIS TIME, THE POTENTIAL  
FOR HAZARDOUS WINDS ASIDE FROM RECREATIONAL INTERESTS LOOKS LOW  
DURING THIS PERIOD.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 3: A COLD FRONT WILL SWEEP THROUGH THE AREA FRIDAY NIGHT  
SHARPLY LOWERING TEMPERATURES 10 TO 15 DEGREES FROM FRIDAY EVENING  
TO SATURDAY MORNING. TEMPERATURES WILL LIKELY DIP BELOW FREEZING FOR  
MOST IF NOT ALL LOCATIONS ACROSS THE AREA WITH ONLY THOSE NEAR LAKE  
CHAMPLAIN AND IMMEDIATELY NEAR THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER STAYING JUST  
ABOVE FREEZING. AS TEMPERATURES FALL, SNOW LEVELS DURING THE DAY  
SATURDAY WILL ALSO LOWER TO 500-1000FT AGL, WITH A TRANSITION FROM  
RAIN TO SNOW ABOVE 1500FT AGL, AND A RAIN, WET SNOW MIX, IN  
ELEVATIONS BETWEEN 1000-1500FT AGL. A FEW MIXED IN FLURRIES CANNOT  
BE RULED OUT EVEN IN THE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY, THOUGH TEMPERATURES WILL  
BE MARGINAL IN THE MID TO UPPER 30S. SOME SNOWLIAGE APPEARS LIKELY  
WITH ENSEMBLES DENOTING NEARLY 100% CHANCES FOR PURELY SNOWFALL IN  
THE ADIRONDACKS AND NORTHEAST KINGDOM. SNOWFALL IMPACTS WILL BE  
MINIMAL WITH ROAD AND GROUND TEMPERATURES WELL ABOVE FREEZING, AND  
WITH ONLY MARGINAL SURFACE TEMPERATURES, SNOW WILL LIKELY BE OF A  
WET CHARACTER, WITH MINOR ACCUMULATION ONLY ON THE HIGHEST  
ELEVATIONS AND MAINLY ON VEGETATION ONLY. MOST LOCATIONS WILL NOT  
SEE ANY ACCUMULATIONS AT THIS POINT. CURRENT ENSEMBLES DEPICT A 70-  
90% CHANCE OF 1-2 INCHES OF POSITIVE SNOW DEPTH CHANGE IN THE HEART  
OF THE ADIRONDACKS AND LOCATIONS IN THE NORTHEAST KINGDOM NEAR THE  
INTERNATIONAL BORDER. ADDITIONALLY, SLIGHTLY HIGHER AMOUNTS TO A FEW  
INCHES WILL BE LIKELY ON THE MOUNTAIN SUMMITS OF THE CENTRAL AND  
NORTHERN GREENS AND THE ADIRONDACKS, TO INCLUDE WHITEFACE AND LYON  
MOUNTAIN IN NY, AND MOUNT MANSFIELD, BURKE, AND KILLINGTON IN  
VERMONT.  
 
IN ADDITION TO THE PRECIPITATION FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY, WINDS  
WILL TURN TO THE NORTHWEST WITH BETTER CONFIDENCE IN STRONGER WINDS  
SATURDAY DUE TO A LACK OF PRECIPITATION LIMITATIONS THAT EXISTED  
FRIDAY. WITH AN INFLUX OF COLD NORTHWEST AIR, LAPSE RATES WILL  
QUICKLY STEEPEN WITH STRONG MIXING BEGINNING EARLY SATURDAY MORNING.  
SUSTAINED WINDS WILL INCREASE TO 20 TO 25 MPH, WITH 55-80% CHANCE  
FOR GUSTS OVER 40 MPH FROM THE ADIRONDACKS EASTWARD ON SATURDAY.  
RECREATORS SHOULD ALSO PLAN FOR MOUNTAIN SUMMIT GUSTS AS HIGH AS 40-  
55 MPH, ESPECIALLY IN THE ADIRONDACKS. WHILE WE DON'T ANTICIPATE  
NEEDING A WIND ADVISORY (FOR GUSTS GREATER THAN 46 MPH), TRENDS WILL  
NEED TO BE WATCHED CLOSELY GOING FORWARD. SURFACE WINDS WILL SLOWLY  
WEAKEN BACK TOWARDS 10 MPH OR LESS SATURDAY EVENING WITH GUSTS AND  
MOUNTAIN WINDS FOLLOWING SUIT BY SUNDAY.  
 
RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS WILL ALSO TAPER OFF SATURDAY EVENING AS THE  
SYSTEM PULLS AWAY TO THE NORTHEAST. 850 MB TEMPERATURES SATURDAY  
NIGHT WILL BE REMARKABLY COLD FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR IN THE -9 TO -  
11C RANGE SATURDAY NIGHT SUPPORTING TEMPERATURES IN THE 20S FOR MOST  
OF THE AREA, INCLUDING THE ENTIRE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY. POCKETS OF TEENS  
WILL BE POSSIBLE IN THE COLDEST HOLLOWS OF THE ADIRONDACKS AND  
NORTHEAST KINGDOM AS SURFACE TEMPERATURES ANOMALIES WILL BE 10  
DEGREES BELOW NORMAL. TEMPERATURES WILL SLOWLY MODERATE BACK TOWARDS  
SEASONABLE NORMALS TO START NEXT WEEK WITH HIGHS TUESDAY CLOSE TO  
60F.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /00Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/  
 
THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY...CHALLENGING NEXT 6 TO 12 HOUR TERMINAL  
FORECAST FOR MANY OF OUR TAF SITES DUE TO VERY CHANGEABLE  
CIGS/VIS. CURRENTLY A MIX OF IFR AT MPV/MSS/PBG, MVFR AT EFK,  
AND VFR AT SLK/BTV AND RUT AS SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS WITH  
EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS MOVE FROM SOUTHWEST TO NORTHEAST ACROSS  
OUR TAF SITES. THESE SHOWERS/STORMS WILL BE CAPABLE OF BRIEF IFR  
VIS AND MVFR CIGS, BUT AS WINDS SHIFT TO THE NORTHWEST AS  
SURFACE LOW PRES SHIFTS TO OUR EAST, EXPECT IFR CIGS TO DEVELOP  
AT BTV BY 06Z AND TOWARD SUNRISE AT RUT. INTERVALS OF IFR/LIFR  
CIGS/VIS ARE LIKELY AT SLK/MPV AND MSS WITH CONDITIONS TRENDING  
TOWARD IFR AT EFK BY MIDNIGHT. AS NORTHWEST WINDS PREVAIL,  
EXPECT CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE TO MVFR AND EVENTUALLY VFR AT PBG  
BY EARLY WEDS. IFR OR LOWER CONDITIONS WILL LINGER THRU 18Z AT  
MOST SITES, GIVEN MOISTURE PROFILES, BEFORE SLOWLY IMPROVING  
AFTER 18Z. SOME AREAS OF FOG ARE POSSIBLE, ALONG WITH DRIZZLE,  
ESPECIALLY MOUNTAIN TAF SITES.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
 
WEDNESDAY NIGHT: MAINLY VFR, WITH AREAS MVFR POSSIBLE. NO SIG WX.  
THURSDAY: VFR. NO SIG WX.  
THURSDAY NIGHT: MAINLY VFR, WITH LOCAL MVFR POSSIBLE. DEFINITE  
SHRA.  
FRIDAY: MAINLY MVFR, WITH AREAS IFR POSSIBLE. DEFINITE SHRA.  
FRIDAY NIGHT: MAINLY MVFR, WITH LOCAL IFR POSSIBLE. WINDY WITH  
GUSTS TO 30 KT. CHANCE SHRA, CHANCE SHSN.  
SATURDAY: MAINLY VFR, WITH AREAS MVFR POSSIBLE. WINDY WITH GUSTS  
TO 30 KT. CHANCE SHSN, SLIGHT CHANCE SHRA.  
SATURDAY NIGHT: MAINLY VFR, WITH AREAS MVFR POSSIBLE. NO SIG WX.  
SUNDAY: MAINLY VFR, WITH LOCAL MVFR POSSIBLE. NO SIG WX.  
 
 
   
MARINE  
 
PERIODS OF ROUGH LAKE CONDITIONS ARE ANTICIPATED THIS WEEK INTO  
THE WEEKEND. TODAY, A LOW LEVEL JET IS MOVING ACROSS THE REGION,  
BRINGING PERIODS OF ROUGH LAKE CONDITIONS. A LAKE WIND ADVISORY  
REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR LAKE CHAMPLAIN'S BROAD WATERS. SOUTHEAST  
WINDS 20 TO 30 KNOTS, WITH GUSTS UP TO 40 KNOTS, WILL GRADUALLY  
DIMINISH THIS EVENING ALONG WITH WAVES WHICH ARE LIKELY TO  
SUBSIDE FROM 3 TO 5 FEET DOWN TO CLOSER TO 1 FOOT TONIGHT. AS  
LOW PRESSURE PASSES THROUGH, WINDS WILL SHARPLY LOWER OVERNIGHT  
BEFORE TURNING NORTHERLY AT A MORE MODEST 10 TO 15 KNOTS.  
 
ADDITIONAL PERIODS OF CONCERN WILL BE WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND AGAIN  
FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY AS A COUPLE OF FRONTS MOVE THROUGH THE  
REGION. OVERALL, IT WILL NOT BE A PLEASANT WEEK TO VENTURE OUT  
ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN, ESPECIALLY IN SMALLER WATERCRAFT.  
 
 
   
CLIMATE  
 
A PRELIMINARY DAILY RECORD RAINFALL OCCURRED AT PBG (PLATTSBURGH  
AREA) TODAY WHERE THE TOTAL HAS REACHED 1.28" AS OF THIS  
WRITING, EXCEEDING THE PREVIOUS RECORD OF 1.03" SET IN 2022.  
 
LOOKING AHEAD TO SATURDAY, DAILY LOW MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES ARE  
LIKELY. CURRENT RECORDS ARE INDICATED BELOW AT SOME CLIMATE  
SITES IN OUR REGION:  
 
RECORD LOW MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES:  
 
OCTOBER 17:  
KBTV: 42/1970  
KPBG: 44/2015  
KSLK: 36/1970  
 
 
   
BTV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
VT...NONE.  
NY...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
WHAT HAS CHANGED...TABER  
DISCUSSION...KUTIKOFF/DANZIG  
AVIATION...TABER  
MARINE...KUTIKOFF  
CLIMATE...KUTIKOFF  
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